| Poverty Studies |
TR-8000.8000-600 |
Programs that conduct research which focuses on the origins, causes, demographics and costs of poverty and the efficacy of proposed or implemented poverty alleviation measures. |
0 |
| Power Boat Racing |
PL-8000.1000-600 |
Racing events which feature different styles, sizes and types of boats including offshore power boats, inflatables, tunnel boats, runabouts and unlimited hydroplanes. The races are sanctioned by the American Power Boat Association (APBA), the U.S. national authority; and structured according to divisions, which include drag, inboard, inboard endurance, modified outboard, offshore, outboard performance craft, professional racing outboard, stock outboard, unlimited, R/C model, performance inflatable and special events. There are different classes within each division. Some of the associations also sanction racing events featuring personal watercraft. Included are organizations that sponsor, organize, hold, promote, sell tickets to and publicize power boat racing events; provide information about competition schedules; and/or maintain information about current standings. |
0 |
| Power Boating |
PL-7000.1600-600 |
Programs that provide opportunities for people of all ages to learn to operate outboard-powered motor boats and participate in power boating activities including local and regional competitions. |
0 |
| Power Line Extension Payment Assistance |
BH-3800.6470 |
Programs that pay all or a portion of the fees charged by a local electric utility for extending existing power lines to meet the needs of residential, commercial or industrial customers in locations that are not currently being served. |
0 |
| Power Line/Pipeline Information |
TE-6450 |
Programs provide information about the location of corridors for the distribution of oil, gas, hydrogen and electricity; current and pending rights of way for power lines and pipelines across tracts of federal, state and private land; plans for the construction, maintenance and repair of electric power lines, natural gas pipelines and other components of energy "superhighways"; and regulations relating to secondary land uses around existing energy corridors. Overhead power lines are electric power transmission cables suspended by a sequence of steel towers or poles. The land directly under and adjacent to these power cables may be suitable for industrial uses; water distribution and oil or gas pipelines; urban trails; passive or active recreational spaces; or natural environmental areas such as urban wetlands. Also included are programs that provide information or respond to complaints from people about purported health risks associated with exposure to elevated levels of ELF magnetic fields such as those originating from electric power transmission lines or safety issues associated with transmission equipment; the impact of power lines and pipelines on surrounding wildlife and vegetation along the corridors; or who have concerns about other related issues. |
0 |
| Powered Wheelchairs |
LH-0600.5000-970.60 |
Programs that pay for or provide wheeled mobility devices that are powered by electric motors which propel the chair and support other functions such as tilt, recline, leg elevation and seat elevation. Users typically control speed and direction by operating a joystick on a controller. Alternative input devices such as chin controls and puff/suck scanners are available for users who lack coordination or the use of their hands or fingers. Power chairs may be designed specifically for indoor use, outdoor use, or both; and have rear wheel, front wheel and mid-wheel drive options. |
0 |
| Practitioner Complaints |
DD-1500.7230 |
Programs that accept and, where possible, attempt to resolve regarding the licensing, incompetence, negligence, violations of laws relating to the use and prescription of dangerous drugs and narcotics, quality of service, excessive fees, unprofessional conduct or other inappropriate business practices of individuals who are licensed to practice in the health, mental health and veterinary science fields. |
0 |
| Prader-Willi Syndrome |
YF-3000.6800 |
A rare, incurable genetic disorder that is characterized by short stature; lack of muscle tone, size and strength; poor motor skills; underdeveloped or small genitals; an insatiable appetite that can lead to obesity if untreated; mild intellectual disabilities; and learning disabilities. Babies with PWS are usually floppy with poor muscle tone, and have trouble suckling. Boys may have undescended testicles. Other signs appear later. |
0 |
| Prairie Conservation |
JD-1500.4500-620 |
Programs that restore and preserve the native tallgrasses, oak savannas, wildflowers, mammals, birds, butterflies and other native species that constitute the prairie ecosystems of the American Midwest. Management techniques include simulation of the natural mechanisms which have allowed the prairies to thrive such as intermittent grazing, controlled burns, mowing and haying; reintroduction of native species of plants and herbivores such as bison and elk; protection of increasingly rare animal communities such as prairie dog towns and prairie chicken and grouse habitats; removal of non-native species; development of non-motorized trails on grasslands; and protection of environmentally sensitive areas from oil and gas leasing. |
0 |
| Prayer Lines |
PV-7000.6150 |
Programs that offer a telephone service that enables people who are troubled to contact someone who will pray with them to help them resolve their concerns. |
1 |
| Pre-Abortion Counseling |
LJ-2000.6400 |
Programs that provide counseling, mandated in some states in conjunction with a 24-hour waiting period, for women who have made a decision to terminate their pregnancy. The counseling provides information about fetal development, pregnancy prevention, the abortion procedure the patient will undergo, the risks and alternatives to the procedure, the risks of continuing the pregnancy and, when medically accurate, possible complications and longer term health risks such as sterility or risks to subsequent pregnancies associated with the procedure. The woman may be given written information to review and may be asked to sign an informed consent form. |
0 |
| Pre-Disaster Donations Collection/Storage |
TH-1700.6500 |
Programs that prepare for times of disaster by collecting and storing canned goods, blankets, personal comfort kits, disposable diapers, clothing, household goods, medical supplies, cleaning supplies, hand tools, plastic sheeting, tar paper, building materials and other relief supplies that can be transported to the site of a disaster and distributed to people when an event occurs. |
0 |
| Pre-Employment Background Checks |
ND-1600.6500 |
Programs that investigate the backgrounds of job applicants (with their permission) with the objective of discouraging applicants with criminal records or falsified credentials. Most pre-screening programs examine court records relating to the individual's civil and criminal history, their driving record and their credit history; conduct drug tests; verify their educational records, previous work experience, Social Security number and professional licenses; and provide a report which summarizes their findings relative to job suitability. |
0 |
| Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan |
LH-3000.6450 |
Programs that offer coverage to uninsured Americans who have been unable to obtain health insurance because of a pre-existing health condition. The Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan (PCIP), which will be administered either by a state or by the Department of Health and Human Services, provides a new health coverage option for Americans who have been uninsured for at least six months, have been unable to get health coverage because of a health condition, and are a U.S. citizen or are residing in the United States legally. PCIP is a transitional program created under the Affordable Care Act. It will be in effect until 2014 when insurers will be banned from discriminating against adults with pre-existing conditions and affordable choices will be available to individuals and small businesses through competitive exchanges. |
0 |
| Pre-Operative Mental Health Evaluation |
RP-5000.6300 |
Programs that provide psychiatric evaluations for patients scheduled for any of a wide variety of surgical procedures to determine if there are issues that might impede a successful outcome for the individual. An accurate evaluation of mental health history, social support, pain coping skills and life expectation have all been shown to increase the likelihood of positive surgical outcomes. Evaluations are particularly common for extensive procedures like bariatric or gender reassignment surgeries; and some surgeons, hospitals and insurance companies require a surgical clearance from a practicing psychiatrist prior to approving the surgery. |
0 |
| Pre-Parole/Pre-Clemency Investigation |
FJ-6250 |
Programs of parole boards, commissions or other paroling authorities that conduct an investigation into the life and circumstances of offenders being considered for a parole or pardon and issue a report that can be referenced during formal proceedings to determine whether parole or clemency is suitable in a particular case. The study may involve discussions with arresting officers, court officials, victims and witnesses to the crime; an interview with the inmate to obtain personal history information (e.g., where the individual has lived and worked, family circumstances, future plans and his or her account of the crime); interviews with previous employers, family, friends and others mentioned in the personal history statement; and review of the offender's criminal history and disciplinary reports while incarcerated. |
0 |
| Pre-Release Centers |
FF-0500.1250-600 |
Small, homelike residential facilities located in the community that provide supervised living for prison inmates who have a prescribed amount of time (usually 120 days or less) to serve of their sentences and whose behavior during their prison stay has been satisfactory. The centers, which function as a component of the correctional system, offer an alternative to the direct release of the offender from prison to the community and give the person an opportunity to adjust to the community in a gradual, controlled manner. Programming for residents generally includes counseling, assistance in locating employment, life skills training, seminars on parenting and domestic violence and other forms of support. |
0 |
| Pre/Post-Exposure Rabies Immunizations |
LT-3400.6000 |
Programs that provide inoculations which prevent contraction of rabies, a viral infection which affects the central nervous system, for individuals whose occupations put them at high risk for exposure (e.g., animal handlers, laboratory workers, forest rangers, taxidermists, veterinarians, animal breeders and hunters) and for individuals who have been exposed to rabies immediately after the exposure occurs. Other individuals whose activities bring them into frequent contact with the rabies virus or potentially rabid bats, raccoons, skunks, cats, dogs or other species at risk of having rabies; and international travelers likely to come in contact with animals in areas of enzootic dog rabies which lack immediate access to appropriate medical care, including biologics, should also be considered for pre-exposure prophylaxis. There is no treatment for rabies once symptoms of the disease appear. |
0 |
| Preadolescent Children |
YB-9500.1500-630 |
Children who are in the period of human development just preceding adolescence, i.e., between the approximate ages of nine and 12. |
0 |
| Preadoption Counseling and Support |
PH-0300.0300-680 |
Programs that provide guidance and support for potential adoptive parents including assistance in understanding and evaluating the impact of adoption on their own lives. |
0 |
| Preadoptive Foster Care |
PH-0300.6500 |
Programs that provide temporary family living arrangements in agency-supervised private family homes for children who have been relinquished for adoption but have not yet been permanently placed. Some programs may also provide care for infants while birth parents decide whether to parent or place their child for adoption. |
0 |
| Precision Instrument Repairers |
YO-3400.6500 |
Individuals who repair and maintain watches, cameras, musical instruments, medical equipment and other precision instruments. |
0 |
| Precision Metal/Plastics Workers |
YO-6200.6500 |
Individuals who work as machinists, metal and plastics machine operators, tool and die makers or welders, or who have other positions in which they are responsible for designing, fabricating and modifying precision metal and/or plastic parts, tools and other products. |
0 |
| Preconception Care |
LJ-5000.6570 |
Programs that provide comprehensive health care services including a risk assessment, health promotion and counseling to maximize the health of women of childbearing age before they become pregnant. The objective of preconception care is to eliminate (or at least reduce the incidence of) infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortions, premature births, perinatal death, low birth weight and birth defects by identifying and reducing a woman's reproductive risks which may include HIV infection, hepatitis B, rubella, toxoplasmosis, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, use of some types of medication, electromagnetic radiation, nutritional/weight status, lifestyle risks such as smoking, alcohol use or substance abuse and adverse genetic factors. Preconception care is particularly important for women with chronic health conditions such as diabetes or disabilities. |
0 |
| Predatory Lending Assistance |
DM-1800.6400 |
Programs that provide assistance for people who believe they are victims of unscrupulous lending institutions that have pressured them into signing a loan agreement they cannot afford. Predatory lending tactics include high pressure sales techniques; misleading or fraudulent direct mail campaigns; failure to disclose unusually high interest rates, hidden transaction costs, excessive fees and punitive penalty clauses such as balloon payments; and loan agreements that are based on home equity rather than a realistic ability to repay. Predatory lenders frequently target the most vulnerable consumers including older adults, low income individuals, and people residing in communities underserved by traditional banking institutions. |
0 |
| Predatory Lending Awareness Programs |
BH-3700.6500 |
Programs that provide information and guidance which protect consumers who are considering homeownership, refinancing a mortgage loan or making major repairs from unscrupulous lending institutions which attempt to pressure them into signing loan agreements they cannot afford thus putting them at risk of losing their homes. Predatory lending tactics include high pressure sales techniques; misleading or fraudulent direct mail campaigns; failure to disclose unusually high interest rates, hidden transaction costs, excessive fees and punitive penalty clauses such as balloon payments; and loan agreements that are based on home equity rather than a realistic ability to repay. Predatory lenders frequently target the most vulnerable consumers including older adults, low-income individuals, minorities who are struggling financially, and people residing in communities underserved by traditional banking institutions. |
0 |
| Prediabetes |
YF-3000.2440-650 |
A condition that is characterized by higher than normal blood sugar levels but levels that are not high enough to be characterized as type 2 diabetes. People who have prediabetes may already be experiencing the beginning of long-term damage of diabetes, especially to the heart, blood vessels and kidneys. Progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes isn't inevitable. Eating healthy foods, incorporating physical activity in one's daily routine and maintaining a healthy weight can help bring blood sugar levels back to normal. Prediabetes affects both adults and children. The same lifestyle changes that can help prevent progression to diabetes in adults might also help bring children's blood sugar levels back to normal. |
0 |
| Preferred Provider Organizations |
LH-3000.6500 |
A type of managed health care plan and service delivery arrangement which offers people who are insured access to providers (hospitals, nursing facilities and physicians) affiliated with the plan who have agreed to provide services at reduced costs in exchange for their preferred provider status. Plan members may be able to select providers outside the network, but have a higher deductible and higher co-payments when they do so. |
0 |
| Pregnancy Complications |
YF-3000.6840-650 |
Difficult or abnormal pregnancies such as tubular pregnancies, ovarian pregnancies, ectopic pregnancies or cervical pregnancies; health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney disease or gum disease; a history of reproductive surgery; or a wide variety of other conditions that put the individual at risk of a miscarriage or having a baby that is born prematurely or at a low birth weight. |
0 |
| Pregnancy Counseling |
LJ-2000.6500 |
Programs that help people who are experiencing a crisis pregnancy resolve any social or personal problems that have arisen as a result of their pregnancy or the prospect of parenthood, and help them understand their conflicting emotions, put their feelings in perspective, evaluate their options and make a decision that right is for them. |
2 |
| Pregnancy Related Volunteer Opportunities |
PX-3000.6700 |
Family planning programs, maternity homes, hospitals, birthing centers and other organizations that are actively seeking individuals with the requisite skills and experience who are willing to work, on a voluntary basis without remuneration, with women who are at risk for an unplanned pregnancy, are pregnant and considering their options, are pregnant for the first time or are having a difficult pregnancy and need emotional support, encouragement and practical advice. Volunteers may be asked to work on pregnancy prevention projects, provide pregnancy counseling services or other forms of support for young women who are pregnant or are at risk for pregnancy, or share their own experiences regarding pregnancy and childbirth with women who are pregnant for the first time or experiencing difficulties. |
0 |
| Pregnancy Testing |
LJ-2000.6750 |
Programs that utilize laboratory procedures to determine whether an individual is pregnant or which provide access to devices for establishing pregnancy that people can use at home. |
0 |
| Pregnancy/Birth Problems |
YF-3000.6840 |
Any of a number of complications during pregnancy or delivery which negatively affect the health of the mother or child. |
0 |
| Pregnancy/Childbirth Support Groups |
PN-8100.6500-680 |
Mutual support groups whose members are pregnant women or women who have had difficulties in areas relating to family planning, pregnancy and childbirth. Included are groups for individuals who are pregnant for the first time, women who are contemplating a home birth, breastfeeding women, families making decisions relating to birth control, women who have had a cesarean birth, women who are at high risk for a problem pregnancy and parents of premature or high-risk infants. The groups meet in-person, by telephone or via the Internet; and provide an opportunity for participants to share their experience, strengths and hopes, understand their relationships and work through related emotions. |
0 |
| Pregnant Single Women |
YK-6500.6600-500 |
Unmarried women who are expecting a child. |
0 |
| Pregnant Teens |
YK-6500.6600-550 |
Adolescents who are expecting a child. |
0 |
| Pregnant Women |
YK-6500.6600 |
Women who are awaiting the birth of a child. |
0 |
| Pregnant Women - First Trimester |
YK-6500.6600-600 |
Women who are one, two or three months pregnant. |
0 |
| Pregnant Women - Second Trimester |
YK-6500.6600-620 |
Women who are four, five or six months pregnant. |
0 |
| Pregnant Women - Third Trimester |
YK-6500.6600-640 |
Women who are seven, eight or nine months pregnant. |
0 |
| Pregnant Women With Children |
YK-6500.6600-570 |
Women who currently have children and are expecting a child. |
0 |
| Pregnant Women With a Drug Use Disorder |
YF-8000.1800-680 |
Women who have used drugs during pregnancy and whose unborn children are at risk of birth defects and related health issues which may include low birth weight and a variety of behavioral and cognitive problems. If the woman is using heroin or other opiates, the fetus may be at risk of in utero addiction and development of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) which requires hospitalization and treatment with medication (often a morphine taper) to relieve symptoms until the baby adjusts to becoming opioid free. |
0 |
| Pregnant Women With an Alcohol Use Disorder |
YF-8000.0500-650 |
Women who have used alcohol during pregnancy and whose unborn children are at risk of health problems associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. |
0 |
| Pregnant/Parenting Inmate Support Programs |
FF-3300.6350 |
Programs that provide counseling, prenatal and postnatal support, nutrition services, parenting education including child abuse prevention and/or a variety of other supportive services for incarcerated pregnant women and/or inmates who are parents. Goals are to ensure that inmates learn to be responsible parents, maintain emotional and physical connection with their children and develop a support system that they can rely on during their incarceration and after their release. Some programs provide home visits and other aftercare services to help parents transition back to the community. |
0 |
| Prejob Guidance |
ND-2000.6500 |
Programs that provide instruction for people who need to acquire the basic "soft skills" and tools that are required to successfully apply for and secure employment, and retain a position once they have been hired. These programs provide information and guidance regarding preparing a resume, writing job application letters, completing job application questionnaires, responding to job ads and taking employment tests; offer tips regarding appropriate dress, personal appearance and interview techniques; and address other similar topics. |
0 |
| Prelingual Deafness |
YF-3200.1700-670 |
A severe to profound hearing loss that is present before speech develops. The hearing loss may be congenital (present at birth) or occur in the prelingual period (before the child is two to three years of age); and generally precludes the normal, spontaneous development of language. |
0 |
| Premarital Blood Tests |
LF-5280.1500-650 |
Programs that analyze the blood of individuals who are going to marry to determine whether they have compatible Rh factors for purposes of conceiving children as well as to ensure that neither partner has a sexually transmitted disease or any other communicable disease. |
0 |
| Premarital Counseling |
RP-1400.8000-670 |
Programs that provide information and guidance for couples who are about to marry to ensure that they understand the responsibilities they will assume and the impact that the marriage contract will have on their personal lives. Included are programs that offer counseling for couples younger than age 18 which may be required by the state as a condition for issuing a marriage license. |
0 |
| Prenatal Care |
LJ-5000.6600 |
Programs that provide medical care for expectant mothers from the time of conception to the onset of labor to ensure their own physical well-being and the healthy development and birth of their child. Services generally include identification of risk factors based on age, health and/or personal and family history that may affect a woman's pregnancy; diet and lifestyle advice; routine checkups to look for signs of problems associated with pregnancy (such as edema, preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes) and to assure that the pregnancy is progressing well; ultrasound and other forms of prenatal testing to monitor fetal development and check for possible birth defects; and general information about being pregnant, e.g., what is normal and what is cause for concern, remedies for morning sickness or sleeplessness, managing weight gain and other common issues. |
2 |
| Prenatal Evaluation |
LF-7300 |
Programs that utilize any of a variety of techniques to detect fetal abnormalities prior to the birth of the child. Results of the tests can be used to manage the remaining weeks of pregnancy, plan for possible complications in the birth process, plan for care of the newborn infant, decide whether to continue the pregnancy and/or determine whether fetal treatment is required. |
0 |
| Prenatal Fitness |
PL-6600.6550 |
Physical fitness programs for pregnant women that feature isometric and isotonic exercises to improve circulation, to maintain muscle tone and flexibility, to prevent swelling and leg cramps and to facilitate the delivery process. |
0 |
| Prenatal/Postnatal Home Visitation Programs |
LJ-5000.6615 |
Programs staffed by nurses or other trained professionals or volunteers that visit the homes of eligible mothers during pregnancy and early infancy to help the women improve their personal health and development during the prenatal period and learn to care for the child following birth. The visits encourage the mothers to maintain good nutrition; and provide information regarding danger signs in pregnancy, preparation for labor and delivery, breastfeeding and other feeding options, baby supplies, basic infant care, newborn behaviors and child development. They help to ensure that infants and toddlers are nurtured, live in a safe environment in and around the home and receive proper health care. Included are programs that focus on low income individuals, pregnant teens, first-time mothers, women with high risk pregnancies or other special populations as well as those that are more broadly available. |
9 |
| Prenuptial Agreements |
FT-3000.6800 |
Programs that provide assistance for people who want to have a written agreement prior to their marriage that provides for the disposition of property and the allocation of rights and duties upon the death of a spouse or dissolution of the marriage. |
0 |
| Prepared Childbirth |
LJ-5000.1500-650 |
Programs that offer classes or other educational experiences which prepare prospective mothers and their partners for childbirth without the use of medication (analgesics, epidurals, spinal anesthetics or general anesthetics) to the extent possible by instructing them in one or a combination of breathing techniques which permit them to facilitate delivery by relaxing at the proper time with respect to their involuntary contractions. The classes also emphasize a series of exercises to strengthen the back and pelvic floor, the importance of being up and walking around during labor and the use of a supportive squat position rather than a prone position for delivery. Included are Lamaze classes which address situations in which medication may become necessary and ensure that the woman and her partner are fully informed about their medication options; Bradley classes which emphasize a high degree of involvement on the part of the woman in discussing the recommendations of her doctor and avoidance of medication at all costs; and classes that are representative of other methods. The goals of the preparation are to dispel the fear and pain that are associated with childbirth and to facilitate the delivery of a healthy child. |
0 |
| Prepress Technicians/Workers |
YO-6200.6600-600 |
Individuals who are responsible for the first stage of printing, preparing the material for printing presses. It is increasingly common for prepress technicians to receive digital files from the customer that contain typeset material already laid out in pages making the typesetting and page layout work previously done by these workers unnecessary. They review the material, check it for completeness and format it into pages using electronic page layout systems. When color printing is required, the technicians use digital color page-makeup systems to electronically produce an image of the printed pages, then use off-press color proofing systems to print a copy (or proof) of the pages as they will appear when printed. Once the customer approves the proof, technicians use laser image setters to expose digital images of the pages directly onto thin aluminum printing plates. Some customers continue to provide material to printers that is more suitable for cold type prepress technology. Cold type processing, which describes any of a variety of methods to create a printing plate without molten lead, has traditionally used phototypesetting to prepare text and pictures for printing. Although this method has many variations, all use photography to create images on paper. The images are assembled into page format and re-photographed to create film negatives from which the actual printing plates are made. |
0 |
| Presbyterian Community |
YR-1500.6500 |
Members of the traditionally Calvinistic denomination that is governed by elders known as presbyters who are chosen or approved by church members. |
0 |
| Preschool Accreditation |
DF-4500.8000-630 |
Programs that establish operating standards for educational institutions whose students are younger than compulsory school age, review the extent to which standards are met by applicants, issue or deny accreditation or pre-accreditation status and publicly announce their findings. |
0 |
| Preschool Age Children |
YB-9500.1500-650 |
Children who are age three to five. |
0 |
| Preschool Cooperatives |
HD-1800.6500-680 |
Preschools that are owned and managed by a group of families who hire trained teachers to provide a quality preschool experience for their children. The preschools are administered and maintained by the parents, usually on a nonprofit, non-sectarian basis. The parents assist the professional teachers in the classroom on a rotating schedule and participate in the educational program of all the children. Each family shares in the business operation of the school, often by electing a board of directors that establishes policies and hires qualified staff who run the day-to-day operations. One of the benefits of cooperative preschools is that they are generally within the financial means of most families. |
0 |
| Preschool Referral Programs |
HL-2500.6300 |
Programs that maintain lists of preschools and link families who are in need of a preschool program with appropriate providers. |
5 |
| Preschool Students |
YG-8000.6500 |
Individuals who are enrolled in public or private preschools. |
0 |
| Preschools |
HD-1800.6500 |
Programs that provide educational experiences and activities for children who are younger than compulsory school age, supplement parental care and home play and stimulate intellectual, social, emotional and motor skills development. Activities generally include preacademic skill development such as shape, color and number recognition; active outdoor play; observation of nature and pets; dancing and rhythms; block building; playhouse activities; games; simple excursions outside the school; stories and picture books. Children are also given a nutritious snack and/or meal and a period for adequate rest, and are taught basic cleanliness and good health habits. |
34 |
| Prescription Control Forms |
DF-7000.6980 |
Programs that provide registered prescription forms for doctors to use when writing prescriptions for drugs that are frequently abused. The prescription forms are difficult to reproduce and their utilization helps to control forgeries and unauthorized access to prescription drugs. |
0 |
| Prescription Drug Discount Cards |
LH-6700.6250 |
Private organizations that issue cards that offer discounts on prescriptions at participating network pharmacies including chain and independent retail outlets, generally for an annual enrollment fee. Also included are programs that maintain lists of these types of programs for referral purposes. |
2 |
| Prescription Drug Information Clearinghouses |
LH-6700.6270 |
Programs that maintain comprehensive information about prescription drug discount options and link people in need of prescription medication with the discount programs for which they are eligible. |
0 |
| Prescription Drug Issues |
YZ-6700 |
Programs that provide information and/or services that deal with the topic of prescription drugs. |
0 |
| Prescription Drug Lock Boxes |
LH-6700.6285 |
Programs that pay for or provide lockable storage boxes that allow people to secure their prescription medication at home, school, work or during travel. |
0 |
| Prescription Drug Patient Assistance Programs |
LH-6700.6300 |
Pharmaceutical companies or pharmacies that make brand name or generic prescription drugs available to patients who are uninsured or underinsured or, for other reasons, cannot afford to pay the market price. Also included are organizations that help qualifying patients complete and file paperwork for submission to drug manufacturers to request such medication or which maintain lists of these types of programs for referral purposes. |
0 |
| Prescription Drug Return/Reuse/Recycling Programs |
LH-6700.6370 |
Programs authorized by some state legislation that provide for unused prescription drugs to be donated and re-dispensed to eligible patients who have a valid prescription in their own name. While details of the laws vary by jurisdiction, most permit the return of packaged and unexpired prescription drugs from state programs, nursing homes and other medical facilities and some allow donations by individuals or their families. Not all states have a return and reuse program. All pharmaceuticals must be checked by a pharmacist prior to being redispensed, must not be expired at the time of receipt and must be unopened and in sealed, tamper-evident packaging. Liability protection for both donors and recipients usually is assured. |
0 |
| Prescription Drug Use Disorders |
YF-8000.1800-700 |
A disorder that is characterized by use of drugs that are not medically necessary; use of prescription drugs for reasons other than to treat a defined medical condition; or continued use of drugs after their prescription has run out in spite of adverse health affects or social consequences. The three classes of prescription drugs that are most commonly misused are opiods which are prescribed to treat pain; central nervous system (CNS) depressants which are used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders; and stimulants which are prescribed to treat sleep disorder narcolepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). |
0 |
| Prescription Drugs for Specific Health Conditions |
LH-6700.6400 |
Programs that supply medication that has been prescribed as part of an individual's treatment for an illness or injury or to prevent people at risk for getting an illness from contracting it, generally in situations where the individual is unable to purchase the medication for him or herself. |
0 |
| Prescription Expense Assistance |
LH-5100.6500 |
Programs that provide financial assistance to purchase necessary prescription drugs for people who would be in an emergency situation without assistance. Also included are programs that reimburse individuals for their prescription expenses, usually on an annual basis. Prescription expense assistance programs may have age, income, disability, need or other eligibility requirements. |
0 |
| Prescription Medication Monitoring Systems |
LH-6700.6500 |
Programs that provide any of a wide variety of equipment and services that help patients with cognitive impairments or other problems remember to take their prescription medication per their physician's instructions. |
0 |
| Prescription Medication Packaging Services |
LH-6700.6500-650 |
Pharmacies or related organizations that package medication individually and label the packets with the date and time to take the medicine as a means of helping people who have difficulty taking their medication on schedule become compliant with their physician's instructions. The medication may be available at discount prices and, if ordered by mail, is delivered to the individual's home. |
0 |
| Prescription Medication Services |
LH-6700 |
Programs that provide access to low-cost or difficult to obtain prescription drugs or supportive services that help patients take their medication as prescribed by their physician. |
0 |
| Presentation Skills Development |
TP-6650.6450 |
Programs that offer workshops or other forms of training or support which teach participants to make effective presentations. Topics may include planning the presentation, formulating objectives, identifying the audience, choosing a structure for the speech, choosing and effectively utilizing visual aids, working from an outline to improve spontaneity, opening the speech with an impact, closing the speech with a final, culminating idea and evaluating one's overall performance. Special tips may be provided for getting and keeping the attention of the audience; creating rapport; presenting oneself effectively (e.g., eye contact, voice, facial expressions, appearance and stance); and using proven techniques such as repetition, special emphasis on key points, and effective use of verbal images, humor and stories that instruct and convey a message. Behaviors to avoid may also be addressed. |
0 |
| Presentence Investigation |
FJ-6300 |
Programs within the court and probation systems or offered by community agencies that investigate the background of convicted offenders and issue reports that can be used as sentencing guides by the court. The reports focus on the situation surrounding the criminal activity; the educational, employment and medical history of the individual; the criminal record of the offender; the environment to which the offender will return; resources available to help the offender; and recommendations for disposition of the case. |
0 |
| Preservation of Assets Assistance |
LH-4000.6500 |
Programs that provide assistance for married couples who are in a situation in which one spouse requires long-term custodial care and the family's assets exceed the maximum resource limits for Medicaid. Under spousal impoverishment provisions, the healthy spouse (referred to in the federal legislation as the community spouse) has a right to keep a community spouse resource allowance plus certain exempt resources including the couple's residence, automobile, household goods, personal effects and the healthy spouse's IRA. There are specified minimum and maximum limits on the resource allowance which vary from state to state and are adjusted annually based on cost of living figures. The individual in the long-term care facility becomes eligible for Medicaid when his or her assets have been spent down to meet the maximum resource allowance. |
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| Presidential Libraries |
TJ-4400.8100-650 |
Libraries that collect, preserve and make available to the public historical materials and artifacts including biographical information, official papers and other documents, video tapes, audiotapes, photographs, personal belongings and other memorabilia that relate to the life and times, personal philosophy, political career, achievements and contributions of a past President of the United States. |
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| Pressure Reduction Mattresses/Beds |
LH-5000.6700 |
Programs that pay for or provide mattresses, mattress overlays, specialized beds or other pressure reducing support surfaces that are designed to prevent pressure sores in individuals have limited or no mobility and are confined to a bed for most or all of a day, and encourage the healing process in people who have burns, extensive skin lesions or fresh surgical wounds. Included are alternating pressure, low air loss and powered flotation mattresses and mattress overlays, and air fluidized beds (also called static high-air-loss beds) which use warm air under pressure to set small ceramic beads in motion simulating the movement of fluid. The beds ensure that the patient’s weight is evenly distributed over a large surface area and creates the sensation of floating. |
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| Pretrial Release |
FJ-6345 |
Programs that approve applications for the release of individuals who have been indicted for a crime prior to their trial date and allow them to return to their homes while awaiting their scheduled appearance in court. Options include release on the individual's own recognizance, release on non-financial conditions that require monitoring the defendant in the community, setting bail in the form of property, cash, or surety that the defendant must post in order to be released or ordering the defendant retained in confinement without bail (which occurs when the individual is considered a flight risk or a danger to the community). |
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| Pretrial Service Agencies |
FJ-6350 |
Programs that function as impartial investigative arms of the court which conduct a thorough risk assessment of individuals who have been arrested and are in custody before their trial, recommend a pretrial disposition (pretrial release or incarceration prior to and during the trial), perform intensive monitoring of the arrestee if he or she is released during the trial period and report violations of conditions to the court. The program interviews the individual, conducts criminal history checks, investigates previous releases, may talk with the police agency involved, may contact references given by the individual and prepares a summary of their findings for the court. The programs may also conduct investigations on behalf of individuals who want a reduction in the amount of bail which has been set in their case or on behalf of law enforcement agencies wanting an increase in bail. |
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| Previously Homeless People |
YV-6500 |
People who, in the recent past, have been homeless and are currently in temporary or transitional housing or another unstable housing situation and seeking a more permanent housing option. |
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| Prevocational Training |
ND-2000.6600 |
Programs that provide individual and group instruction and/or counseling for individuals with disabilities (including mental health issues) who need to develop physical and emotional tolerance for work demands and pressures; acquire personal-social behaviors that will allow them to get along with employers and co-workers on the job; and develop the basic manual, academic and communications skills that are needed to acquire basic job skills. |
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| Priapism |
YF-5000.7600-680 |
A prolonged and painful erection unassociated with sexual activity that can last from several hours up to several days. |
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| Primal Scream Therapy |
RD-6400 |
Programs that specialize in providing therapeutic interventions that are based on theories developed by Arthur Janov that hold that all neuroses and psychoses result from extremely early, infantile trauma including birth and circumcision. The infant, being unable to vent the emotion resulting from the trauma, is forced to repress them resulting in a gradual withdrawal from the ability to appropriately express painful emotions. The task of the therapist is to uncover the early traumas and assist the client to fully express the long-repressed tears, anger and screams of protest. |
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| Primary Immune Deficiency Disorders |
YF-3000.6850 |
A group of disorders that are caused by genetic defects in the cells and tissues of the immune system rather than factors external to the immune system such as viruses and chemotherapy. |
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| Primary Lateral Sclerosis |
YF-3000.6853 |
A rare neuromuscular disease that is characterized by progressive muscle weakness in the voluntary muscles. PLS belongs to a group of disorders known as motor neuron diseases which develop when the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movement degenerate and die, causing weakness in the muscles they control. Onset of PLS usually occurs after age 50. Symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, and clumsiness. Other symptoms may include spasticity (sudden, involuntary muscle spasms) in the hands, feet, or legs; foot dragging, and speech problems due to involvement of the facial muscles. The disorder usually begins in the legs, but it may also start in the tongue or the hands. There is no evidence of the degeneration of spinal motor neurons or muscle wasting (amyotrophy) that occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease), which it resembles. Diagnosis of PLS is often delayed because it is mistaken for ALS. |
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| Primary School Adjustment Programs |
HL-2500.6400 |
School-based early identification and intervention programs that seek to reduce social, emotional and school adjustment difficulties for children in kindergarten through grade three and help them become comfortable within a school setting. Students identified by school personnel participate in special individual and group play activities that are aimed at helping them develop social and problem-solving skills and enhancing their self-esteem. The PSAP supplements the educational experience and promotes the personal development of children so they may become successful learners in the classroom, school, and community. Parental consent is required for participation. |
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| Primary School Age Children |
YB-9500.1500-680 |
Children who are age six to eight. |
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| Primary Schools |
HD-8000.1800-650 |
Educational institutions that provide formal instruction for students in the first, second and third grades that focuses on developing the children's understanding and knowledge of the basic skills such as reading, writing and arithmetic. |
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| Primate Assistants |
LR-7950.5000-650 |
Programs that provide and train recipients in the use of monkeys who have been taught to manipulate light switches, push elevator buttons, fetch items that are out of reach, retrieve articles that have fallen and otherwise provide assistance for people who have physical disabilities or other limitations which affect their functioning. |
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| Printed Materials |
TJ-6500.6700 |
Programs that distribute pamphlets, brochures, journals, monographs, manuals, booklets or other literature to increase the public's awareness of the need for or availability of services in a particular geographical or service area or for a particular target group; the causes, detection and treatment of a particular disease, disability or condition and means for its prevention; or specific social problems which affect the community and potential solutions. Included are downloadable publications and those that are distributed in printed format. |
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| Printer Selection |
TP-3350.3000-650 |
Programs that help nonprofit organizations, small businesses and other groups make an assessment of their printing requirements and select and purchase the number and type of printers they need. Printers are distinguished by type (e.g., daisy wheel, dot-matrix, ink-jet, laser), the quality of type they produce, their speed, their ability to reproduce graphics and the number and type of fonts they can print. |
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| Printing Equipment Operators |
YO-6200.6600 |
Individuals who are involved in one of the three stages of the printing process which includes prepress, press and binding and postpress tasks. In small print shops, job printers may be responsible for all three stages including the composition and page layout of the material received from the customer, checking proofs for errors and print clarity and correcting mistakes, printing the job, and attaching each copy's pages together. In most printing firms, however, each of the stages is the responsibility of a specialized group of workers. |
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| Printing Machine Operators |
YO-6200.6600-650 |
Individuals who prepare, operate and maintain the printing presses in a pressroom. Duties of printing machine operators vary according to the type of press they operate which may include offset lithography, gravure, flexography, screen printing, letterpress and digital presses. Offset lithography, which transfers an inked impression from a rubber-covered cylinder to paper or other material, is the dominant printing process. To prepare presses for printing, machine operators install and adjust the printing plate, adjust pressure, ink the presses, load paper and adjust the press to the paper size. They ensure that paper and ink meet specifications, adjust margins and the flow of ink to the inking rollers accordingly and then feed paper through the press cylinders and adjust feed and tension controls. While printing presses are running, press operators monitor their operation, keep the paper feeders well stocked, clear paper jams and make adjustments to correct uneven ink distribution, speed, and temperatures in the drying chamber, if the press has one. In most shops, press operators also perform preventive maintenance. They oil and clean the presses and make minor repairs. |
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| Priority Worker Visas |
FT-3600.3300-650 |
Programs that assist in filing petitions for employment-based immigrant visas which allow admission, on a permanent basis, of aliens who possess extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business or athletics; who are internationally recognized professors or researchers; or who are multinational executives and managers who have been employed by the overseas affiliate, parent, subsidiary or branch of the U.S. employer. Labor certification is not required for individuals in this category. |
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| Prison Boot Camps |
FF-0500.6530 |
Intermediate sanction facilities, usually operated by federal, state or county correctional authorities, which provide an alternative to prison for convicted nonviolent offenders who have not served time in a state prison. Prison boot camps vary greatly in size, duration, location, entry point (court system or corrections) and in the level of training, education and treatment that is provided. All are relatively short-term (three to four months) and feature a military environment which stresses strict discipline, obedience, regimentation, drill and ceremony, and physical conditioning which may include hard labor. |
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| Prison Library Services |
FF-3300.6370 |
Programs that provide access to legal reference materials, current information on community services and resources, and religious, educational, and recreational reading material for inmates in correctional facilities. Access to legal reference materials can be accomplished by inclusion of pertinent volumes in a prison library, an agreement with a law library for circulation of books on a request basis, microfiche of legal materials and/or the use of lawyers, paralegals and/or law students to assist inmates in legal matters. |
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| Prison Ministries |
FF-3300.6400 |
Programs that provide church services, prayer meetings, religious study classes, pastoral counseling, religious literature and other forms of religious support for inmates in jails, prisons and juvenile detention centers. |
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