| Dual Diagnosis |
YF-5000.2100 |
A condition in which individuals have a diagnosed mental illness that interferes with their functioning in a substantial way in combination with a developmental disability. "Dual Diagnosis" was previously used in the U.S. to describe individuals with a combination of a diagnosed mental illness and a substance use disorder, and is seen by many as a synonym for "Co-Occurring Disorders" (YF-5000.1515). |
0 |
| Dual Enrollment Programs |
HH-1700 |
Programs that allow qualifying high school students (generally juniors and seniors) to take more rigorous, college-level courses and, in many cases, earn both high school and postsecondary credit for those they successfully complete. Dual enrollment programs may be offered at a high school or local community college, or taught through distance education; and may include courses with a technical/vocational focus as well as those that are more academic. Dual enrollment options must either be legislated by the state or be established through a written agreement between the high school and the postsecondary institution. |
0 |
| Duathlon Competitions |
PL-8000.5250-180 |
Sporting events that involve a five kilometer run, a 30 kilometer cycling competition and another five kilometer run. Included are organizations that sponsor, organize, hold, promote, sell tickets to and publicize the events; provide information about competition schedules; and/or maintain information about current standings. |
0 |
| Dude Ranches |
PL-6400.1700 |
Establishments that provide facilities for vacationers which enable them to ride horses, drive and brand cattle and participate in other activities that are typical of western ranches. |
0 |
| Dump Trucks/Trailers |
TH-1700.1600-320 |
Trucks that are used for transporting materials (usually gravel or some type of soil) for construction or debris removal purposes. A typical dump truck is equipped with a hydraulically operated open-box bed hinged at the rear, the front of which can be lifted up to allow the contents to be deposited on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery. Included are single, double and triple axle dump trucks; off road dump trucks which generally have all wheel drive and can maneuver in steep, semi-wet conditions and various weather elements; and dump trailers (dump trucks that pull an attached trailer which can be loaded with gravel, sand, asphalt, debris and other materials). |
0 |
| Dup15q Syndrome |
YF-3000.2585 |
A neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the duplication of Chromosome 15, that is associated with a strong risk for autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy and intellectual disability. Motor impairments are very common in individuals with the disorder. Since chromosomes carry genes that determine how our bodies grow and develop, having extra chromosomal material can alter a person's physical development. Unlike many other chromosomal syndromes, there are few characteristic physical findings associated with chromosome 15q11.2-13.1 duplication syndrome, but there are some including poor muscle tone as babies, characteristic facial features, growth anomalies that result in small stature, fine and gross motor delays, delays in cognitive development and learning disabilities including intellectual disability that may be associated with behavioral problems as children age. Some experience speech/language delays, autism spectrum disorder, sensory processing disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders, anxiety disorders and gastrointestinal disorders throughout development. Medical problems include seizure disorders and increased risk for sudden infant death as well as recurrent respiratory infections in childhood, middle ear effusions requiring tubes, eczema, precocious puberty, other menstrual irregularities, overeating and weight gain. Scoliosis is also reported in adolescence. |
0 |
| Durable Power of Attorney for Asset Management |
FT-2700.1700 |
Programs that provide assistance for people who want to officially authorize another individual (and one or more alternates) to handle important matters such as bill paying, contracts, investments, taxes, estate planning or a business in the event that the individual becomes incapacitated. There are two kinds of power of attorney: a power of attorney which takes effect immediately upon signing, and a springing power of attorney which does not take effect unless and until the individual becomes incapable of handling his or her own affairs (and expires if the person regains capacity.) |
0 |
| Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care |
FT-2700.0500-200 |
Programs that provide assistance for people who want to officially authorize another individual (and one or more alternates) to make health care decisions on their behalf in the event that they become incapacitated and are unable to make those decisions themselves. The appointed agent is authorized to review the medical records of the individual, admit and/or discharge the individual from a hospital or nursing facility, consult with his or her caregivers and sign forms that may be needed to assure that care is provided according to his or her preferences. The agent may also carry out the individual's preferences regarding organ donation. |
0 |
| Durable Power of Attorney for Mental Health Care |
FT-2700.0500-210 |
Programs that provide assistance for people who want to prepare an advance psychiatric directive which officially authorizes another individual to make mental health care decisions on their behalf should they become legally incompetent to make their own decisions; provides instructions about the circumstances under which they can change their agent and who should be appointed as their guardian if a court decides to name one; documents their wishes regarding hospitalization and alternatives to hospitalization, medications, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), emergency interventions (including seclusion, restraint and medication) and experimental studies or drug trials; provides instructions regarding who should be notified in case of psychiatric hospitalization, who should be allowed to visit (or be prevented from visiting) and who should have temporary custody of their children; and specifies whether they have the right to suspend or terminate the power of attorney, if permitted within the jurisdiction, while incapacitated. |
0 |
| Dutch Community |
YH-1800.1740 |
Individuals who are either citizens of Holland (also known as the Netherlands), a country in western Europe, or who identify themselves as part of the Dutch community. |
0 |
| Dwarfism |
YF-3000.2600 |
The condition of being abnormally small in stature which may be hereditary or a result of endocrine dysfunction, deficiency diseases, renal insufficiency or diseases of the skeleton. |
0 |
| Dysautonomia |
YF-3000.2640 |
A rare hereditary disease involving the autonomic nervous system which is characterized by intellectual disabilities, lack of motor coordination, vomiting, frequent infections and convulsions. It is seen almost exclusively in people who are Jewish. |
0 |
| Dyspareunia |
YF-5000.7600-160 |
Recurrent genital pain that accompanies sexual intercourse and, in some cases, non-coital sexual stimulation. Although more common in women, dyspareunia can also be experienced by men. |
0 |
| Dyspraxia |
YF-3000.2660 |
A neurological disorder that is characterized by a partial loss of the ability to plan and perform coordinated movements in the absence of any associated defect in motor or sensory functions. People who have dyspraxia often find it difficult to learn physical movements and adapt them to different situations; and even when the movements are learned, they are often executed without confidence or coordination. Unlike unitary disorders like measles or chicken pox where people who are affected all share a common set of symptoms, dyspraxia affects each person in different ways at different ages and stages of development and to different degrees. It can affect the development of gross motor skills like walking or jumping or fine motor skills such as the hand movements needed to write clearly and the mouth and tongue movements needed to pronounce words correctly. Some children only have verbal dyspraxia, while others only have motor dyspraxia. It is not uncommon for both types to be present in the same person. |
0 |
| Dystonia Musculum Deformans |
YF-3000.2680 |
A disorder that is characterized by distorted twisting or movement of all or a part of the body which may be caused by toxic or infectious diseases of the nervous system or be of unknown etiology. |
0 |
| E coli |
YF-3000.3160-200 |
A serious foodborne illness that is associated with eating undercooked contaminated meat, especially ground beef, drinking unpasturized milk or fruit juices or swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water. Bacteria in the stool of infected people can be passed from one individual to another if hygiene or handwashing habits are inadequate. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea and occasional kidney failure. |
0 |
| E-Book Reader Donation Programs |
TI-1800.5200-190 |
Programs that accept portable electronic devices that are designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital books and periodicals, refurbish them if necessary, adapt them for special uses, as desired, and keep them for use in their own program or donate them to other community-based organizations for their own use or for distribution to the people they serve. Included are donations of e-book readers intended primarily for sighted readers and those that use voice synthesizer technology to voice the text aloud. |
0 |
| E-Book Readers |
BM-5050.1900 |
Programs that pay for or provide portable electronic devices that are designed primarily for the purpose of allowing sighted users to read digital books and periodicals, and use e-ink technology to display content to readers. Included are models that use voice synthesizer technology to voice the text aloud. |
0 |
| E-Health Visits |
LT-2800.1900 |
Health care programs that provide a secure link for e-visits to an online module on their website that allows patients with minor ailments to describe their symptoms using an interactive questionnaire, submit the questionnaire to their physician and obtain medical advice, a prescription for medication or other types of assistance from their physician by return e-mail. The physician may also ask additional questions or request an in-person visit. Patients may be able to access their records, results of medical tests, links to explanations about the tests and past messages from their doctors. |
0 |
| EBT Card Services |
NL-1900 |
Programs that provide information for EBT Card clients that enables them to report lost or stolen electronic benefit transfer (EBT) cards, obtain replacement cards, identify locations in their area where they can withdraw cash benefits, check their account balance, view their transaction history and/or determine the status of a claim. EBT cards are used in all states for Food Stamps (SNAP) issuance, and in some cases for other programs such as the USDA's Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program, the Federal block-grant program operated by the Department of Health and Human Services to provide cash assistance to needy families. The cards allow public assistance recipients to collect cash and Food Stamp benefits at automated teller machines (ATMs) or point of sale (POS) equipment that is located in grocery stores, banks and other commercial locations. |
1 |
| ECHO Housing |
BH-8400.6000-180 |
Temporary, movable self-contained housing that enables older adults and people with disabilities who are unable to live completely independently to occupy a second family living unit with a separate entrance on a single family lot, with their own or another family or other caregiver. Installation of an ECHO unit ranges from $16,790 for an elder room (efficiency) to $25,620 for a one-bedroom cottage. The major benefit of the ECHO house is that it enables an older person to live independently and privately in a home of their own, while simultaneously allowing them to live near a caregiver who can maintain their own privacy. Older homeowners who choose to rent out their home and move into ECHO housing are provided with rental income. Their families also save money, as the ECHO housing allows them to substitute family care for more expensive institutional care. |
0 |
| Eagle/Non-Eagle Feather Repositories |
PV-1900 |
Organizations that maintain repositories where objects that support the cultural, ceremonial and religious practices of Native Americans and other indigenous peoples are gathered, stored and distributed to those with the required permit. Included are the National Eagle Repository in the Mountain Prairie Region of the U.S. that supports the use of eagle feathers by Native Americans for religious purposes; and two non-eagle feather repositories that have permits to salvage, receive and distribute regulated migratory bird feathers, deceased birds and parts from permitted zoos, falconers, rehabilitators and other legal sources. |
0 |
| Ear Banks |
LH-0500.6300-160 |
Programs that collect and store donated temporal bones and middle ear structures for use in transplant operations. |
0 |
| Early Childhood Education |
HD-1800 |
Programs that provide educational activities and experiences for children from birth to age five which are intended to foster social, physical, emotional and intellectual growth and prepare them for further formal learning. |
2 |
| Early Head Start |
HD-1800.1800 |
A federally-funded child development and family support program that provides early education, health, mental health, nutrition and social services for low-income pregnant women and families with children from birth to age three. Services provided directly or through referral may include prenatal education and parenting classes for pregnant women; child development information; parent/child activities; a home visiting program for families with newborns; early education services in a variety of settings; comprehensive health and mental health services including smoking cessation and substance abuse treatment; coordination with organizations providing early intervention for infants and toddlers with disabilities; assistance in obtaining income support, housing or emergency cash; and transportation to program services. |
7 |
| Early Head Start Grantee/Delegate Agencies |
HD-1800.1800-150 |
Programs that contract with the federal government to oversee the establishment and operation of Early Head Start sites within the county. Grantees are responsible for the administration of Early Head Start programs and the allocation of funding, the coordination of enrollment and the referral of eligible families to Early Head Start sites. Some grantee agencies reassign their administrative responsibilities to delegate agencies. |
0 |
| Early Head Start Sites |
HD-1800.1800-200 |
Centers administered by the grantee and delegate agencies that are responsible for providing the Early Head Start program for eligible children. |
0 |
| Early Identification Programs |
HH-8000.1500 |
Programs that develop and implement organized plans for locating and identifying children who may be experiencing developmental delays or be in need of special education, and connect them with programs that provide evaluation and assessment services and/or school systems that offer the educational assistance they need. |
4 |
| Early Intervention for Children With Disabilities/Delays |
LR-1700 |
Programs that identify infants, toddlers and in some cases, preschoolers who show evidence of or are at risk for lags in physical development, cognitive development, language and speech development, psychosocial development or self-help skills, and provide or coordinate the delivery of an enrichment program in order to minimize the potential for a developmental delay and to meet their current developmental needs. The program may include early identification activities (child find); a developmental evaluation; a review of family concerns, priorities and resources; meetings with the family to develop an individualized family service plan; service coordination to ensure that the individual and his or her family receive needed services which may include but are not limited to physical therapy, occupational therapy, audiology, health/medical services, nursing services, nutrition services, psychological services including specialized play groups or therapy sessions, counseling, speech and language assistance, special instructional services, transportation, and parenting skills development; and ongoing evaluation of the child's progress and his or her changing enrichment needs. Included are "birth to three" programs and federal, state or local programs that address the needs of slightly older children or children not otherwise eligible for "birth to three" programs. |
14 |
| Early Intervention for Mental Illness |
RR-1800 |
Programs that identify and provide treatment for individuals whose personal condition and social experiences could potentially produce mental, emotional or social dysfunctions with the objective of preventing their development; or which conduct general screening efforts to identify and treat children who have emerging problems to ensure the best possible prognosis. |
0 |
| Early Literacy Development Programs |
HH-4500.1800 |
Programs that promote pre-literacy and language development skills in children from birth to age five with the objective of preparing them to read. Program activities are both educational and social and focus on helping participants develop oral language skills, expand their vocabulary, develop the concept of a word, have exposure to printed words and connect them to stories, develop phonological and phoneme awareness (sounds associated with letters and words), and recognize letters of the alphabet and connect them to words. Specific activities that promote early literacy development include reading aloud, summarizing stories read, conversations and dialogue, learning new words, exposure to books, rhyming and singing, imitating sounds, identifying syllables, writing and naming letters, attaching sounds to letters, and recognizing words. Counting and elementary math may also be incorporated. Programs may be formal or informal, and may include parent participation. Classes are often held at schools, churches, libraries and community recreation centers. |
0 |
| Early Pregnancy Classes |
LJ-5000.1500-180 |
Programs that offer classes for the expectant woman and her partner, generally during the first six months of pregnancy, which focus on anatomy and physiology, fetal development, emotional adjustments, discomforts of pregnancy and means of relief, nutrition, the effects of smoking and drinking on fetal development and options for childbirth preparation. |
0 |
| Early Voting |
TQ-1800.1350 |
Programs that arrange for the participation in elections by qualified voters during a designated early voting period before election day. This voting method is available to all eligible voters in most states. Some states may have specific eligibility requirements and/or an advanced request for an absentee ballot. |
0 |
| Earned Income Credit Information |
DT-8700.2000-180 |
Programs that provide information and guidance for employers of and/or employees who earn less than a specified amount during the year, regardless of whether it is taxable, and qualify for a credit which allows them to subtract up to $4,008 from their tax liability at the end of the year or obtain a refund. The minimum income amount varies depending on whether the individual has qualifying children (sons, daughters, adopted children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, stepchildren, or eligible foster children who meet age criteria and have lived with individual in the U.S. for a specified period of time) and their number. Eligible foster children may include brothers, sisters, step brothers and sisters, nieces and nephews or children placed by an authorizing placement agency. Also included are organizations that issue the tax credits. |
0 |
| Earthquake Advisories |
TH-2100.1800 |
Programs that issue bulletins when conditions are such that an earthquake is thought possible in a particular area during a particular time frame. Earthquake advisories may also be issued following an earthquake that inform the public of the epicenter and magnitude of the quake, areas that have been affected and the extent of the damage as currently understood; warn people of the probability of aftershocks; remind people of the steps they can take to evaluate the safety of their current surroundings; and suggest precautions that people should take when leaving their homes. An earthquake is the sudden motion or trembling of the ground produced by abrupt displacement of rock masses, usually within the upper 10 to 20 miles of the earth. |
0 |
| Earthquake Preparedness Information |
TH-1700.1800-180 |
Programs that increase public awareness of the measures that people can take before, during and after a major earthquake to protect lives and property and increase their chances for survival until help arrives. Included are programs that inspect the homes of individual residents and give them a report which recommends ways to enhance their safety and reduce the risk of property damage or loss, as well as those that deal with earthquake safety in a more general way. Also included are programs that provide fact sheets, maps, information about seismic hazard zones (areas adjacent to active faults which may be subject to rupture, severe ground shaking, liquefaction or landslides in the event of an earthquake on the fault) and other types of technical information related to earthquakes that individuals and communities can review and evaluate to see if their area is at risk. An earthquake is the sudden motion or trembling of the ground produced by abrupt displacement of rock masses, usually within the upper 10 to 20 miles of the Earth. |
0 |
| Earthquake Victims |
YX-1800.1800 |
Individuals who have been injured, lost their homes and/or businesses or had them severely damaged due to an earthquake. |
0 |
| East Timorese Community |
YH-7000.1800 |
Individuals who are either citizens of East Timor or who identify themselves as part of the East Timorese community. East Timor is an Australasian country located on the island of Timor. The official languages are Portuguese and Tetum. |
0 |
| Easter Baskets |
PH-2950.1750-185 |
Programs, generally supported by donations from the community, that attempt to facilitate enjoyment of the Easter holiday by low-income community residents through distribution of Easter baskets which may contain the makings for a traditional Easter dinner (or vouchers to purchase these items) or which may be tailored for children of different ages and include packaged candy, small Easter toys, books, Easter egg coloring dye kits and other items appropriate for the occasion. |
0 |
| Easter Events |
PH-2950.1750-220 |
Programs that sponsor Easter egg hunts, parties or other activities for children in the community or other residents on Easter. |
0 |
| Easter Meals |
PH-2950.1750-300 |
Programs that provide a hot Easter meal (usually breakfast or dinner) in a congregate setting for low-income and homeless individuals and families who might otherwise have no opportunity to celebrate the holiday. Also included are programs that deliver Easter meals to people's homes. |
0 |
| Easter Programs |
PH-2950.1750 |
Programs that offer special assistance, services or special events during Easter to make the celebration of the holiday more enjoyable. |
0 |
| Eatertainments |
PL-1800.1870 |
Eating establishments like the Hard Rock Cafe, the Rain Forest, Planet Hollywood and some restaurants owned by celebrities that have a particular theme such as rock and roll, a tropical rain forest or the movies and combine the features of an amusement park, diner, souvenir stands, museum and merchandise shop. |
0 |
| Eating Disorders |
YF-5000.2150 |
A condition that is characterized by a compulsive obsession with food or weight and an inability to accurately perceive one's physical appearance in which the individual may compulsively overeat, engage in eating binges which may or may not be followed by purging, refuse to eat or otherwise use food or the process of eating or not eating in a self-destructive manner. |
0 |
| Eating Disorders Screening |
RP-5000.5000-200 |
Programs that offer simple tests for people who have episodes of binge eating followed by purging, dissatisfaction with their body shape and size and/or intense fears of weight gain and want to learn more about anorexia, bulimia and other eating disorders and ways of coping with their symptoms. Individuals generally have an opportunity to see a film and/or hear a talk about the causes, symptoms and treatment of eating disorders; complete a screening questionnaire; and talk with a mental health professional about the results. People who test positively are encouraged to seek further evaluation and, potentially, treatment. Most eating disorders screenings are confidential and available at no cost. Eating disorders screenings may also be available by telephone or on-line. |
0 |
| Eating Disorders Treatment |
RP-6400.1900 |
Multidisciplinary programs, often offered on an inpatient basis with post-discharge outpatient therapy, that provide comprehensive diagnostic and treatment services for individuals who have anorexia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, bulimia or a related eating disorder. Treatment depends on the specific type of eating disorder involved but typically involves psychotherapy, nutrition education, family counseling, medication and hospitalization, if required, to stabilize the patient's health. |
0 |
| Eating Establishments |
PL-1800 |
Restaurants, cafes, cafeterias, tea rooms and other commercial enterprises that serve prepared food and beverages to the public for consumption on the premises or which prepare and package food for delivery or "take out" consumption. Meals may include breakfast, brunch, lunch, tea, dinner and/or supper and beer, wine and other alcoholic beverages may be available. Entertainment may also be provided. |
0 |
| Ebola |
YF-3000.9130-200 |
A rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus strains of the family Filoviridae, genus Ebolavirus found in several African countries. Symptoms of Ebola include fever, severe headache, muscle pain, weakness, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and unexplained hemorrhage (bleeding or bruising). Symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to Ebola, but the average is 8 to 10 days. Ebola is spread through direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes in, for example, the eyes, nose or mouth) with blood or body fluids (including urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk and semen) of a person who is sick with Ebola or objects such as clothes, bedding, needles and syringes or medical equipment that have been contaminated with the virus, infected fruit bats or primates (apes and monkeys). Ebola is not spread through the air or by water, or in general, by food. Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive clinical care and the patient's immune response. Experimental vaccines and treatments for Ebola are under development, but they have not yet been fully tested for safety or effectiveness. People who recover from Ebola infection develop antibodies that last for at least 10 years. The natural reservoir host of Ebola virus remains unknown. |
0 |
| Ebola Control |
JP-1500.1700-200 |
Programs that attempt to control the occurrence and spread of Ebola, a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus strains found in several African countries. Good outbreak control relies on a defined set of interventions including case management, surveillance and contact tracing, a good laboratory service, safe burials and social mobilization. Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks. Raising awareness of risk factors for Ebola infection and protective measures that individuals can take is an effective way to reduce human transmission. Health-care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed Ebola virus need to apply extra infection control measures to prevent contact with the patient’s blood and body fluids and contaminated surfaces or materials such as clothing and bedding. Safety measures include wearing face protection (a face shield or a medical mask and goggles), a clean, non-sterile long-sleeved gown, and gloves (sterile gloves for some procedures). Laboratory workers are also at risk. Samples taken from humans and animals for investigation of Ebola infection should be handled by trained staff and processed in suitably equipped laboratories. |
0 |
| Ecclesiastical Law |
FT-2400 |
Programs that provide assistance for people who have committed an act which brings them under the disciplinary authority of the church. |
0 |
| Echocardiography |
LF-8000.5050 |
Programs that use sound waves to create an image of the heart muscle. Ultrasound waves that rebound or echo off the heart can show the size, shape and movement of the heart's valves and chambers as well as the flow of blood through the heart; and can reveal abnormalities such as poorly functioning heart valves or damage to the heart tissue from a past heart attack. |
0 |
| Eclectic Performance/Stage Act Personnel |
YO-0300.6400-350 |
Individuals with unique skills and abilities (e.g., clowns, daredevils, escape artists, impersonators, jugglers, stage hypnotists, stage magicians, storytellers and ventriloquists) who give performances either individually or as members of a troupe or company. |
0 |
| Eclectic Performances/Stage Acts |
TA-1850 |
Programs that offer shows which feature individual performers, troupes or companies whose unique skills and abilities are a form of entertainment. |
0 |
| Eclectic Therapy |
RD-3000.1600 |
Programs that specialize in providing therapeutic interventions that are based on the principle that no single school of psychological theory is adequate to explain the diversity of human behavior. Therefore, the therapist is required to be flexible and utilize the theoretical approach that is most appropriate for the given client. The task of the therapist is to establish a therapeutic personal relationship with the client in which the client's trust in the therapist, the therapist's observations and feelings about the client, and the interaction between the client and therapist lead to a mutual understanding of the nature of the problem and the appropriate methods to use for resolution. |
0 |
| Eco-Friendly Consumer Goods Rebates |
BM-1700.1700 |
Programs that encourage enviro-conscious buying by providing monetary rebates to people who prove purchase of consumer goods and other items that are friendly to the environment. |
0 |
| Ecologists |
YO-8000.4500-160 |
Individuals who study the relationships among organisms and between organisms and their environments, and the effects of influences such as population size, pollutants, rainfall, temperature and altitude. Utilizing knowledge of various scientific disciplines, they may collect, study and report data on the quality of air, food, soil and water. |
0 |
| Ecology Research |
TR-1000.1800 |
Programs that conduct research which focuses on the relationships among organisms and between organisms and their environments, and the effects of influences such as population size, pollutants, rainfall, temperature and altitude. Utilizing knowledge of various scientific disciplines, researchers in this area may collect, study and report data on the quality of air, food, soil and water. |
0 |
| Economic Issues |
YZ-1830 |
Programs that provide information and/or services that deal with the general topics of economics and finance. |
0 |
| Economic Self Sufficiency Programs |
PH-2360.2000 |
Programs that assist low-income single parents, teen parents, displaced homemakers, public assistance recipients or other targeted individuals and families to achieve economic independence and long-term stability through an integrated group of services which may include education and job training, microenterprise development, mentoring services, life skills training, personal enrichment classes, counseling services, parenting skills development, legal assistance, housing assistance, child care and transportation assistance, information and referral and advocacy. The services may be delivered using an intensive case management model which involves assignment of a case manager, development of an individualized case plan and assessment of progress in meeting agreed upon goals and objectives. |
6 |
| Economic Statistics |
TJ-8000.1800 |
Programs that produce statistics which relate to economic growth, regional economic development and the country’s position in the world economy. Included are such indicators as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the Human Development Index (a measure developed by the United Nations which combines indicators of longevity, education and standard of living), employment and wage statistics, productivity measures, prices, money and security markets. |
0 |
| Economic Stimulus Issues |
YZ-1835 |
Programs that provide information and/or services that deal with the topic of government legislation which authorizes tax relief, one-time payments to individuals and families, extension of unemployment benefits and other social welfare provisions and increases in domestic spending as measures to stimulate economic growth during downturns in the economy. |
0 |
| Economics Clubs/Societies |
PS-8200.8200-180 |
Programs that provide organized opportunities for individuals to pursue their interest in economics (the area of social science that involves the systematic study of the production, conservation and allocation of resources in conditions of scarcity, together with the organizational frameworks related to these processes), often through the medium of a club or society that is under the leadership of people who are knowledgeable in the subject. Activities may include lectures, slide shows and other presentations that provide information about specific topics; opportunities for members to share and/or discuss their own work on issues in the subject area; field trips; and other activities that promote the study and appreciation of economics among members. Included are Internet-based virtual clubs, WebRings devoted to the subject and clubs where members meet face-to-face. |
0 |
| Economists |
YO-8000.8000-180 |
Individuals who conduct research on how society distributes scarce resources such as land, labor, raw materials and machinery to produce goods and services. They conduct research, collect and analyze data, monitor economic trends and develop forecasts; and focus on issues such as energy costs, inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, business cycles, taxes and employment levels. Included are microeconomists who study the supply and demand decisions of individuals and firms; industrial economists who study the market structure of particular industries in terms of the number of competitors and the market decisions of competitive firms and monopolies; macroeconomists who study historical trends in the whole economy and forecast future trends in areas such as unemployment, inflation, economic growth, productivity and investment; international economists who study international financial markets, exchange rates, and the effects of various trade policies such as tariffs; labor economists who study the supply and demand for labor and the determination of wages; public finance economists who study the supply and demand for labor and the determination of wages; and econometricians who develop and use mathematical techniques such as calculus, game theory and regression analysis to formulate economic models. |
0 |
| Economy Hotels |
PL-4500.3000-180 |
Establishments that provide overnight accommodations for travelers at a moderate price. Amenities usually include a restaurant, swimming pool, ice machines, color television, upgraded furnishings (two double beds, a table or desk and arm chairs) and a private bath equipped with soap, shower cap, shampoo and lotion. |
0 |
| Ecosystem Management |
JD-1500.1500 |
Programs that protect and restore entire ecosystems (natural areas made up of a community of plants, animals and other living things in a particular physical or chemical environment) as a means of protecting all species within the environment before they become endangered and conserving natural biological diversity while supporting a sustainable level of economic and recreational activity. Ecosystem conservation/management is a complement to species-level conservation rather than an alternative, and addresses the primary cause of species decline (habitat destruction). |
0 |
| Ectodermal Dysplasias |
YF-3000.2720 |
An inherited problem that is marked by an insufficient number or lack of sweat glands and hair follicles, smooth shiny skin, abnormalities in or absence of teeth, nail deformities, cataracts or alterations of cornea, absence of mammary glands, concave face, prominent eyebrows, conjunctivitis, deficient hair growth and intellectual disabilities. |
0 |
| Ecuadoran Restaurants |
PL-1800.1900 |
Eating establishments that offer the cuisine of Ecuador which features specialties such as chiffles (plantain chips), tortilla de papas (potato pancakes filled with cheese and topped with peanut sauce), humitas (Ecuadoran tamales), cerviche (raw fish marinated in lime juice), escabeche (pickled meat), locro (a thick potato and cheese soup), longaniza (spicy sausage), fried fish, grilled pork, and seco de chivo (goat stew) served with fried plantains, rice and beans. |
0 |
| Ecuadorian Community |
YH-8000.1800 |
Individuals who are either citizens of Ecuador or who identify themselves as part of the Ecuadorian community. Ecuador is a Spanish-speaking country in South America. |
0 |
| Ecumenical Action Groups |
TD-1600.1750 |
Organizations that seek to promote improved communication and cooperation between individuals of different denominations (e.g., Catholics and Protestants) within the Christian faith, with the objectives of establishing a worldwide Christian unity; promoting collaboration on common tasks such as supporting missions, working with students and sponsoring conferences; establishing mutual understanding regarding the fundamental issues of belief, worship and polity; and serving as a united witness on world problems. In some instances, ecumenical groups include in their vision cooperation and understanding among believers in the various Christian traditions and adherents of other religions of the world. |
0 |
| Eczema |
YF-3000.2110-180 |
An acute or chronic cutaneous inflammatory condition that is characterized by spots and blisters which may be dry or with watery discharge and more or less itchy or burning. Although atopic dermatitis (eczema) may affect virtually any area, it classically involves skin on the arms and behind the knees. It tends to flare periodically and then subside for a time, even up to several years. The exact cause is unknown, but it may result from a malfunction in the body's immune system. |
0 |
| Editorial Writers |
YO-4950.1300-180 |
Individuals who write comments on topics of reader interest to stimulate or mold public opinion in accordance with the viewpoints and policies of the publication in which they appear or the network on which they will be broadcast. Editorial writers may specialize in one or more fields such as international affairs, business and finance or national or local politics. |
0 |
| Editors/Program Directors |
YO-4950.1800 |
Individuals who select and prepare material for publication or broadcast. They may also do original writing. |
0 |
| Education |
H |
Programs that provide opportunities for people to acquire the knowledge, skills, desirable qualities of behavior and character, wisdom and general competence that will enable them to fully participate in and enjoy the social, political, economic and intellectual life of the community. |
0 |
| Education Administrators |
YO-2000.1800 |
Individuals who provide instructional leadership as well as manage the day-to-day activities in schools, preschools, child care centers, colleges and universities. They may also direct the educational programs of businesses, correctional institutions, museums, and job training and community service organizations. Education administrators set educational standards and goals and establish the policies and procedures to carry them out. They also supervise managers, support staff, teachers, counselors, school librarians, coaches and others. They develop academic programs; monitor students' educational progress; train and motivate teachers and other staff; manage guidance and other student services; administer recordkeeping; prepare budgets; handle relations with parents, prospective and current students, employers and the community; and perform many other duties. |
0 |
| Education Advocacy Groups |
TD-1600.1770 |
Organizations that promote a particular practice like bilingual education, support the passage and enforcement of laws and other social measures that will result in specific types of educational reform or other improvements in the educational system, or support specific changes in local educational institutions that will improve the delivery of services to local students. |
0 |
| Education Associations |
TN-1800 |
Organizations whose members are academics who represent a particular discipline or teachers, administrators, school psychologists or other educational personnel who have affiliated for the purpose of continuing professional development through articles in journals and other publications, participation in professional conferences and other informal educational opportunities. These organizations may deal with complaints about members and may also provide assistance for members who are having difficulty with their employers. |
3 |
| Education Discrimination Assistance |
FT-1800.1800 |
Programs that provide assistance for people who believe they have been denied equal access to student loans or scholarships, or to educational programs at preschool, elementary, secondary, vocational, postsecondary, postgraduate or professional school levels based on their age, gender, race or ethnic origin, nationality, religion, disability, sexual orientation or marital status. |
0 |
| Education Entrance Examinations |
HL-2000.1800 |
Programs that administer achievement, aptitude or other measures for the express purpose of screening and selecting students to be admitted to a particular educational institution, usually at the postsecondary level. |
0 |
| Education Exit Examinations |
HL-2000.1900 |
Programs that administer tests a student may be required to take in order to show proficiency in a class, in a major subject in college or to graduate or gain a diploma. Exit exams help to ensure that no students graduate or move on to other courses without proving that they have mastered what they have studied. |
0 |
| Education Issues |
YZ-1850 |
Programs that provide information and/or services that deal with the topic of education. |
0 |
| Education Related Fee Payment Assistance |
HL-8000.1750 |
Programs that provide financial assistance to help individuals pay for educational placement tests, college/university entrance examinations, test preparation instruction, second language learning expenses or other education-related fees in situations where the person is unable to make the payment without support. |
0 |
| Education Research |
TR-8000.1900 |
Programs that conduct research which advances knowledge about education and promotes the dissemination and practical application of research results (including information about exemplary and promising programs) to help educators, policy makers and communities improve schools and help all students attain their full potential. Education research addresses a wide variety of topics including early childhood development and learning, student learning and achievement, cultural and linguistic diversity and second language learning, postsecondary improvement, faculty performance, adult learning, and education policy. |
0 |
| Education Savings Accounts |
TB-0700.2100-180 |
Organizations that provide opportunities for families to open tax-advantaged bank accounts which encourage savings to cover future education expenses (elementary, secondary and/or college); or which open and "seed" accounts for children of a designated age or grade in anticipation of ongoing contributions. Withdrawals are generally tax-free if used for approved educational expenses. Funds in seeded accounts cannot be withdrawn until an established time, e.g., after the child's high school graduation. Included are Qualified Tuition Programs (QTPs) known informally as "529 plans" operated by a state or educational institution, with tax advantages and potentially other incentives to make it easier to save for college and other post-secondary training for a designated beneficiary (such as a child or grandchild); Cloverdell Education Savings Accounts (ESAs) for designated beneficiaries established by individuals whose modified adjusted gross income is below the established amount; other plans recognized by the IRS; and locally established plans that provide a small monetary contribution but no tax advantages. |
0 |
| Education Statistics |
TJ-8000.1850 |
Programs that produce statistics which relate to the condition and progress of education at the preschool, elementary, secondary, post secondary and adult levels. |
0 |
| Education Volunteer Opportunities |
PX-2000 |
Organizations that are actively seeking individuals with the requisite skills and experience who are willing to work with children and/or adults on a voluntary basis without remuneration to ensure that they develop the knowledge, skills, desirable qualities of behavior and character, wisdom and general competence that will enable them to fully participate in and enjoy the social, political, economic and intellectual life of the community. |
4 |
| Education and Training Benefits for Former Foster Youth |
HL-8000.1800-180 |
Programs that provide vouchers or other forms of financial assistance that enable current and former foster youth to attend an accredited college, university, vocational or technical college. In addition to tuition, books and fees, the money may be used for room and board, child care, transportation, computers and other expenses the student may need to cover to make post secondary education possible. Included are the federally funded, state-administered Chafee Education and Training Vouchers program as well as state and county funded assistance, special scholarship programs and tuition and fee waiver programs offered by some publicly funded higher education institutions for this population. |
2 |
| Education/Library Science Occupations |
YO-2000 |
Individuals whose occupations are concerned with teaching children and/or adults; managing or maintaining libraries and related information and record systems, collections and facilities for research and general use; and/or providing related research, administrative and support services. |
0 |
| Educational Administration Associations |
TN-1800.1700 |
Organizations whose members are school board members, school superintendents, heads of private schools, school principals, college presidents, deans, placement officers and other educational leaders at all levels who have affiliated for the purpose of promoting mutual interests, participating in education and training conferences, subscribing to educational journals and other publications, interacting with other professionals and taking advantage of other opportunities for personal and professional development. Educational administration associations seek to improve student performance, connect schools and communities, improve the quality and performance of school leaders and discuss and support positions on parent participation in the educational process, technology in the schools, school governance, charter schools, school finance, the cost and quality of higher education and other issues that have an impact on students, their parents, schools, colleges and universities. The associations may be very specific in focus, e.g., school principals, pupil services administrators, academic deans or university administrators; or very general including administrators who work in educational institutions at all levels. |
0 |
| Educational Benefits |
HL-8000.1800 |
Social insurance programs whose benefits include financial assistance for the education of the covered individual and his or her eligible dependents. |
0 |
| Educational Exchange Programs |
TL-3800.1900 |
Programs that develop, implement, promote and/or manage exchange programs in which high school students, undergraduate and graduate students, university and college faculty or other educational personnel from the United States study, teach or engage in other educational activities abroad while foreign scholars and educators from those countries come to the U.S. Also included are programs that arrange short-term study and observation visits by foreign leaders and professionals who meet and consult with Americans who are active in their fields. |
1 |
| Educational Grants |
HL-8000.1830 |
Programs that enable students who can demonstrate financial need to obtain cash awards (which do not need to be repaid) to help support the cost of their education. Included are Pell Grants and Supplemental Education Opportunity Grants which are funded by the state, and Grants-in-Aid (GIAs) which are usually made available by the educational institution. |
0 |
| Educational Institutions/Schools |
HD |
Schools, colleges, universities, technical institutes and other educational establishments that have comprehensive curriculums and courses of instruction which constitute the formal, structured framework through which educational services are provided for community residents. |
0 |
| Educational Level |
YG-1700 |
The amount of formal education an individual has completed which is documented by the certificates or degrees or the equivalent the person has earned or the number of years of education the person has received. |
0 |
| Educational Programs |
HH |
Programs within the context of the formal educational system or offered as an adjunct to the traditional school curriculum which provide instructional services that are individualized or specialized to meet the specific needs and interests of learners. |
0 |
| Educational Psychologist Complaints |
DD-1500.7230-200 |
Programs that accept and, where possible, attempt to resolve complaints regarding the licensing, incompetence, quality of service, excessive fees, unprofessional conduct or other inappropriate business practices of educational psychologists. |
0 |
| Educational Status |
YG |
Individuals who are students, school dropouts or graduates of a particular level within the formal education system or who have needs and interests based on their exceptional intellectual abilities or the level and type of education they have received. |
0 |
| Educational Support Services |
HL |
Programs within the formal education system at elementary, secondary or postsecondary levels, or offered by outside agencies, that provide non-instructional services which support the admission of students to an educational program, their health and living conditions while students, their extracurricular activities options, and their ability to choose an appropriate course of study and adjust to and remain in school through the completion of their high school diplomas or college/university degrees. |
0 |
| Educational Testing |
HL-2000 |
Programs within the formal education system or offered by outside agencies which utilize a variety of instruments to gather information about an individual's abilities, skills, understanding, knowledge, achievement, or educational, psychological or medical difficulties for the purpose of screening and selecting individuals for admission to an educational institution or program or for developing a plan of individualized instruction to help students who have exceptional needs overcome their learning problems. |
0 |
| Educational Therapy |
HL-2500.1800 |
Programs that provide diagnostic and treatment services which combine psychotherapeutic and tutorial techniques for individuals who have learning disabilities, dyslexia, perceptual problems, emotional problems or other difficulties that are interfering with their ability to learn. |
0 |
| Educational Vouchers |
HL-8000.1850 |
Programs that allocate public funds to parents to pay the cost of their children's education in the public or private school of their choice. |
0 |