| Land Development Appeals/Hearings |
TE-4510.4500 |
Programs that provide a mechanism through which people who are dissatisfied with particular development approval decisions can file an appeal and obtain a hearing before the local planning commission and/or local legislative body (usually the city/town council or board of supervisors). |
0 |
| Land Development Application Review/Approval |
TE-4510.4550 |
Programs that are responsible for managing all of the steps in the process by which land development applications are reviewed and approved. Steps generally include processing of annexation and incorporation requests; environmental impact report (EIR) analysis and recommendations; zoning request review and approval; preliminary subdivision plat submission and approval; public hearings on the proposed project (generally following submission of the preliminary plat); approval and recording of the final plat; acceptance of the infrastructure improvements by the jurisdiction; and approval of site plans. Some jurisdictions also have separate design and plan/ordinance compliance reviews. Certificates and/or permits may also be issued at various stages in the process. |
0 |
| Land Development Information |
TE-4510.4575 |
Programs that provide information about the development process within a particular jurisdiction including application procedures, development fees and other exactions, public input requirements, approval processes, building permits and inspections, violations and penalties, planning commission and council schedules and copies of development-related documents such as planning documents (general plan and relevant specific/area plans), zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, design standards, and required forms with instructions for completion. Also included is information about the status of particular development projects and specific zoning designations. Exactions are payments made by a developer to local governments for the right to proceed with a project. Exactions include impact fees that cover the cost incurred by government in providing the public facilities to serve the new development (e.g., emergency services, libraries, educational facilities, parks), dedication of public land, construction or maintenance of public infrastructure, or provision of public services. |
0 |
| Land Development Services |
TE-4510 |
Programs that are responsible for establishing an orderly process for evaluating and approving any of a wide range of land development projects, many of which involve modifications in the current or permitted use of property within a jurisdiction. They also provide information and other forms of support for developers who submit applications and may be in various stages of the approval process; establish mechanisms for community input on proposed development; and ensure access to an appeals process for individuals who are dissatisfied with land development decisions. Development proposals are evaluated in accordance with criteria established by the jurisdiction’s zoning ordinance, subdivision regulations and other applicable ordinances as well as the broader policies set forth the community’s general plan (also knows as a comprehensive, master or official plan) and relevant specific/area plans (sometimes called community, neighborhood or secondary plans). |
0 |
| Land Development Support Services |
TE-4510.4600 |
Programs that provide services which help developers create the maps, reports and other materials required by the land development application process and guide the development project; and/or which help local jurisdictions evaluate development application materials or undertake development projects of their own for the benefit of the public. |
0 |
| Land Records |
DF-7000.4550 |
Programs that maintain for use by the public, real estate maps which show the owner, the assessed value and the legal description of the property. |
4 |
| Land Sailing |
PL-7000.5500 |
Programs, usually offered by land sailing clubs, that provide opportunities for people of all ages to learn, become competitive in and enjoy land sailing, a sport which involves wheeled land vehicles propelled by a large sail. The programs may offer instruction in land sailing and opportunities to engage in the sport and/or participate in land sailing races at a variety of levels. Most clubs are members of the North American Land Sailing Association (NALSA). |
0 |
| Land Surveyor Complaints |
DD-1500.5000 |
Programs that accept and, where possible, attempt to resolve complaints regarding the licensing, incompetence, negligence, quality of service, excessive fees, misrepresentation, fraud, unprofessional conduct or other inappropriate business practices of surveyors. |
0 |
| Land Use Plan Approval |
TE-4525.4500-450 |
Programs that hold public hearings and go through a formal process of adopting or amending the jurisdiction’s general plan (variously known as comprehensive, master or official plans) and more specific area plans (also known as neighborhood, community or secondary plans). Prior to approval, public hearings are held by the advisory body, usually the local planning commission. Advance notice of the place and time of hearings must be published in the newspaper and/or posted in the vicinity of the site proposed for change. The general plan must be adopted by resolution by the legislative body of each jurisdiction. |
0 |
| Land Use Plan Development/Amendment |
TE-4525.4500-460 |
Programs that are responsible for drafting and implementing general plans (also known as comprehensive, master or official plans) which serve as a guide for community growth, provide a basis for policies and regulations affecting growth and establish a framework for long-term planning within a jurisdiction; and specific/area plans (also known as neighborhood, community or secondary plans) that are used by local jurisdictions to plan the future of a particular area in more detail. |
0 |
| Land Use Planning |
TE-4525.4500 |
Programs that are responsible for planning how the land within a local may be used by drafting and obtaining public approval for a general plan (also known as a comprehensive, master or official plan) that provides policies and objectives that guide long-term development throughout the jurisdiction and specific/area plans (sometimes called community, neighborhood or secondary plans) that address the future of specific neighborhoods or other smaller geographic areas in greater detail. The plans must be consistent with state land use planning legislation which identifies and protects state interests and promotes sound infrastructure planning, environmental protection, economic development and safe communities; but vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction based on local priorities. |
0 |
| Land Use Planning and Regulation Bodies |
TE-4520 |
State, regional and local government planning offices, commissions or committees that are responsible for enacting legislation that provides a legal framework for land development throughout the jurisdiction; developing regional or local general and specific/area plans for land use within their regional or local area; developing zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations and other land use controls; holding hearings which ensure proper public input to planning and development decisions; and reviewing and ruling on requests for zoning alterations and other variances from established land development ordinances. |
0 |
| Land Use Planning and Regulation Services |
TE-4525 |
Programs that are for responsible researching, establishing, maintaining and overseeing the implementation of general and specific/area plans for land use at regional, county, city and community levels; ensuring an appropriate level of community input during the planning process; regulating the current and future use of public and private lands through the establishment and enforcement of zoning regulations and other land use controls; and reviewing and ruling on requests for zoning alterations and other variances from established land development ordinances. |
0 |
| Land Use Regulation |
TE-4525.4600 |
Programs that are responsible for establishing restrictions on the use of land by property owners as provided for in a community’s general plan using a variety of land use control tools including zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, development moratoriums, overlay zones/districts, planned unit development and transfer of development rights. |
0 |
| Landlord Associations |
FT-4500.4500 |
Membership organizations that apartment owners and other landlords can join for a yearly fee that provide legal assistance for members who are having disputes with their tenants, copies of forms such as unlawful detainer notices, tenant screening assistance, low cost insurance, political representation and/or a variety of informational services concerning the rights and responsibilities of owners and renters, small claims court procedures, the steps in the eviction process, rent control requirements and other issues that have an impact on landlords. |
0 |
| Landlord Registries |
DF-7000.4570 |
Registries established by cities, towns, townships and other municipalities which contain the current residential addresses of nonresident owners of rental property located within their jurisdiction. The registries are generally established by law and provide a way to identify and contact landlords when there are problems with rental property. Rental property owners (or their agents) are required to maintain their address on file whether the property is occupied or vacant and must inform the municipality if there is a change in their residential address. |
0 |
| Landlord Rights Information/Counseling |
FT-4500.4550 |
Programs that provide information and guidance for landlords who need to know their rights and responsibilities regarding leases and rental agreements, deposits, legal eviction procedures, rent control requirements and other issues that are of particular interest to landlords. Landlord rights counseling may also include assistance in completing forms, and advice regarding a particular dispute or regarding contact with offending tenants to notify them that they are out of compliance with landlord/tenant laws. |
0 |
| Landlord/Tenant Assistance |
FT-4500 |
Programs that provide assistance, information and support for tenants and/or landlords who are involved in rental housing disputes; or which administer state laws or local ordinances which govern rent control and other aspects of tenant/landlord relations. |
8 |
| Landlord/Tenant Dispute Resolution |
FT-4500.4600 |
Programs that help tenants and landlords resolve disputes regarding security and other rental deposits, unsanitary conditions, failure to make repairs, privacy, notice requirements, excessive rent increases, nonpayment of rent, neglect or damage to property, overcrowding or other grievances. |
4 |
| Landlords |
YO-8200.4500 |
Owners of a house, apartment, condominium, land or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business known as a "tenant". Landlords often provide necessary maintenance or repairs during the rental period, while the tenant is responsible for the cleanliness and general upkeep of the property. A female landlord is known as a "landlady". |
0 |
| Landscape Architect Complaints |
DD-1500.5100 |
Programs that accept and, where possible, attempt to resolve complaints regarding the licensing, incompetence, negligence, quality of service, excessive fees, misrepresentation, fraud, unprofessional conduct or other inappropriate business practices of landscape architects. |
0 |
| Landscape Architects |
YO-0250.4500 |
Individuals who plan and design land areas for projects such as parks and other recreational facilities, airports, highways, hospitals, schools, land subdivisions and commercial, industrial, and residential sites. They plan the location of buildings, roads and walkways and the arrangement of flowers, shrubs and trees; and ensure that the design is not only functional, but also beautiful and compatible with the natural environment. Working with architects, surveyors and engineers, landscape architects help determine the best arrangement of roads and buildings. They also collaborate with environmental scientists, foresters and other professionals to find the best way to conserve or restore natural resources. Once these decisions are made, landscape architects create detailed plans indicating new topography, vegetation, walkways and other landscaping details such as fountains and decorative features. |
0 |
| Landscape Design Services |
TE-4510.4600-450 |
Programs that provide design services for communities or individual organizations that need assistance in developing and implementing plans which propose alterations in land contours; selection and placement of decorative plants; development and placement of paths and other walkways; construction or installation of walls, lighting, fencing and planters; and other aspects of landscaping in an urban or rural setting. |
0 |
| Landscaping Services |
BH-3000.4500 |
Programs that provide professional assistance for individuals who want to develop and implement plans for their property which propose alterations in land contours; selection and placement of decorative plants; development and placement of paths and other walkways and driveways; construction or installation of walls, decking, lighting, fencing and planters; and other aspects of landscaping. |
0 |
| Landscaping Workers |
YO-8200.1100-450 |
Individuals who physically install and maintain landscaped areas. They grade property, install lighting or sprinkler systems, and build walkways, terraces, patios, decks, and fountains. In addition to initially transporting and planting new vegetation, they also transplant, mulch, fertilize, and water flowering plants, trees, and shrubs, and mow and water lawns. A growing number of residential and commercial clients, such as managers of office buildings, shopping malls, multi-unit residential buildings, and hotels and motels, favor full-service landscape maintenance. |
0 |
| Landslide/Mudslide Advisories |
TH-2100.4500 |
Programs that issue bulletins to warn the public that conditions are such in a particular area that a landslide or mudslide is thought likely to occur. Landslides are associated with instability of slopes which results in the downward and outward movement of rocks, soil, artificial fill or a combination of these materials and can be triggered by events like earthquakes. Mudslides (i.e., mudflows) are caused by an accumulation of water on or under the ground, often in areas that have lost ground and brush cover as may occur in the aftermath a fire. |
0 |
| Landslide/Mudslide Preparedness Information |
TH-1700.1800-450 |
Programs that increase public awareness of the measures that people can take to protect lives and property before or during a landslide or mudslide. Included are programs that inspect the homes and property of individual residents and give them a report which recommends ways to enhance their safety and reduce the risk of property damage or loss, as well as those that deal with ways to prevent landslides and mudslides in a more general way. Landslides are associated with instability of slopes which results in the downward and outward movement of rocks, soil, artificial fill or a combination of these materials. Mudslides (i.e., mudflows) are caused by an accumulation of water on or under the ground, often in areas that have lost ground and brush cover as may occur in the aftermath a fire. |
0 |
| Language Delays |
YF-1500.4500-450 |
Conditions in which an individual's ability to comprehend and/or use spoken language develops more slowly than expected based on established norms. Delayed language can occur for a variety of reasons, including socio-economic, medical or environmental factors, often as a result of another developmental disorder, and requires individualized intervention based on the child's unique circumstances. |
0 |
| Language Disorders |
YF-1500.4500 |
Conditions that affect an individual's ability to comprehend ideas which have been spoken or written (receptive language) or their ability to use spoken or written words to express ideas (expressive language). Language disorders include acquired language disorders (often caused by a stroke or traumatic brain injury) such as aphasia, and developmental language disorder (present at birth) such as dysphasia. |
0 |
| Language Immersion Programs |
HH-4450 |
Programs offered by English-speaking school districts that provide classes in regular school subjects such as math, science and social studies that are taught in the immersion language enabling students to acquire the language as they learn the content. Once a firm base in the immersion language has been established, instruction in English language arts is added, and instruction in the English language gradually increases. Students generally continue to receive instruction in certain subjects in the immersion language so that by the end of secondary school, proficiency is achieved in both languages. Included are total immersion programs in which all classes are taught in the immersion language; partial immersion programs in which half of the subjects are taught in the immersion language (with material in some cases, reinforced in English); and dual (or two-way) language immersion programs in which one to two thirds of the students speak the immersion language natively, the others speaking English natively. |
0 |
| Language Instruction |
PL-7400.4500 |
Programs that provide classes or individual instruction for people who want to learn or perfect their skills in another language. Included are programs that offer instruction in languages other than English (often referred to as foreign languages), indigenous languages (languages of the peoples native to North America), heritage languages (languages to which an individual has a cultural connection) which may also be indigenous or foreign languages depending on the community context, and languages that are at risk for extinction and need to be preserved to pass them along to future generations. |
2 |
| Language Instruction Recordings |
TJ-4500.4500-400 |
Libraries and other organizations that maintain collections of audio recordings that serve as self-study instructional tools that library patrons can borrow and use to learn a new language. |
0 |
| Language Interpretation |
PH-3500.4500 |
Programs that offer the services of trained bilingual individuals who are usually proficient in English and one or more foreign languages to help people whose command of English is inadequate to communicate their needs. |
2 |
| Language Interpretation/Translation Volunteer Opportunities |
PX-3300.4500 |
Organizations that are actively seeking individuals who are able to read or speak one or more languages other than English who are willing to serve as an interpreter or translator or otherwise use their abilities on projects that benefit the organization or the people it serves. |
0 |
| Language Interpreter Registries |
PH-2400.3350-450 |
Programs that maintain lists of bilingual or multilingual individuals who are qualified to provide interpretation services for people who speak a language other than English and which link individuals in need of this service with appropriate resources. |
0 |
| Language Proficiency Testing |
HL-2000.4400 |
Programs that administer tests which assess the ability of examinees to speak, understand, read and/or write English or any of a wide variety of other languages. The examinations may measure different levels of competency and may test oral language capabilities (how well individuals understand and express themselves in a language including their vocabulary and grammar), reading comprehension and/or written language competency (how well individuals write in a particular language and/or are able to translate to and from that language). In some instances, the cultural competency of examinees is also measured. Language proficiency examinations may be given to the current or potential employees of organizations in situations where mastery of a particular language is a work requirement, to students who need a minimum level of proficiency to succeed in their classes, to students who have studied a foreign language (e.g., in high school) to assure appropriate college/university-level course placement, to individuals who want to teach in a particular language and to people who need to demonstrate proficiency for other reasons. |
0 |
| Language Therapy |
LR-8000.8000-450 |
Programs that offer individual or group therapy sessions to assist people who have receptive or expressive language difficulties. Sessions usually focus on concept development, word sequencing (syntax), and word choice (vocabulary) as well as on the development or improvement of listening skills. |
0 |
| Language Translation |
PH-3500.4550 |
Programs that offer the services of bilingual individuals who have reading and writing proficiency in the second language to transfer documents written in the second language into English or vice versa or to explain the meaning of documents written in English to people whose reading proficiency in English is inadequate, using that person's native language. |
1 |
| Language/Linguistics Clubs/Societies |
PS-8200.3100-450 |
Programs that provide organized opportunities for individuals to pursue their interest in linguistics, the study and mastery of any of the classical or modern languages or the study of human speech in its various aspects including the units, nature, structure and modifications of language or languages with special attention to such factors as etymology, phonetics, phonology, morphology, accent, syntax, semantics, general or philosophical grammar and the relationship between writing and speech, often through the medium of a club or society which is under the leadership of people who are knowledgeable in the subject. Activities may include lectures and other presentations that provide information about linguistics or specific languages; opportunities for members to share and/or discuss their own work on major issues in the field; and other activities that promote the study and appreciation of language and linguistics. Included are Internet-based virtual clubs, WebRings devoted to the subject and clubs where members meet face-to-face. |
0 |
| Language/Linguistics Research |
TR-8000.4600 |
Programs that conduct research which focuses on language, language development and relationships among languages and language groups from a humanistic and/or scientific perspective. |
0 |
| Laotian Community |
YH-0500.8170-400 |
Individuals who are either citizens of Laos or who identify themselves as part of the Laotian community. Laos is a country in southeast Asia. The official language is Lao. |
0 |
| Laotian Restaurants |
PL-1800.4500 |
Eating establishments that offer the cuisine of Laos which features both spicy and mild dishes that utilize chicken, fish, coconut milk, bananas, rice vermicelli, raw vegetables and glutinous rice as ingredients. Specialties include rice cakes steamed in banana leaves, clear soups with rice and vegetables and a variety of curry dishes. |
0 |
| Large Appliance Pickup/Recycling Programs |
TE-8920.6600-450 |
Programs generally offered by local waste management companies that pick up large appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, ovens, washing machines, dryers, dishwashers, window air conditioners and trash compactors, generally for an extra fee. Items are either collected on a handful of specific days over the course of a year or by special request. Most programs ensure that freon units are removed from refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners and humidifiers before they are sent to the local scrap metal recycling facility. Also included are appliance recycling programs offered by local energy companies that encourage residents to replace energy inefficient appliances such as old refrigerators, freezers or room air conditioners by having a recycling contractor to pick them up at no charge; and in some communities, local government agencies/boards pay consumers who arrange for their operational refrigerators, freezers, room A/C units, and room dehumidifiers to be recycled (picked-up), instead of disposing of them. Qualifying appliances for recycling programs must be in working order. |
0 |
| Large Appliance Repair |
BM-7000.0350-450 |
Programs that pay for or provide maintenance and repair services to people who have a large or major appliance that is not working properly. A large or major appliance is a non-portable or semi-portable machine used for routine housekeeping tasks such as cooking, washing laundry or dishes, or food preservation. Large appliances are often considered fixtures and part of real estate and as such are often supplied to tenants, along with their maintenance and repair, as part of otherwise unfurnished rental properties. Major appliances may have special electrical connections, connections to gas supplies, or special and permanent plumbing and ventilation arrangements which limits where they can be placed in a home. |
0 |
| Large Item Trash/Garbage Pickup |
TE-8920.7100-400 |
Refuse collection programs that pick up specified amounts of large, bulky items such as plasterboard, tile, broken concrete or cardboard boxes on regular collection days when given ample prior notice. |
1 |
| Large Print Materials/Collections |
TJ-4500.8300-450 |
Libraries or other organizations that maintain collections of books, magazines and other reading materials in a large type format that are made available on a loan basis to residents of the community who have visual impairments. Also included are organizations that distribute copies of large print books, magazines and other reading material that people can keep. |
0 |
| Large Print Utility Bills |
BV-8900.4500 |
Programs that make arrangements to issue utility bills in larger, easier-to-read type for people who have visual impairments and are unable to read ordinary bills. |
0 |
| Laryngectomy |
YF-3000.4480 |
The surgical removal of the larynx. |
0 |
| Laryngography |
LF-4800.4500 |
Programs that conduct x-ray scans of the larynx following application of a radiopaque substance as a means of detecting abnormalities. |
0 |
| Laser Treatment/Surgery |
LT-4300 |
Programs that utilize narrow beams of intense energy to remove skin blemishes, to seal blood vessels and arteries, to remove atherosclerotic plaque from inside arteries, to disintegrate bladder and kidney stones, to destroy damaged cells and to accomplish other similar interventions. |
0 |
| Lassa Fever |
YF-3000.9130-450 |
An acute viral infection found in West Africa that is characterized by high fever, chest and abdominal pain, headache, sore throat, cough, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. Hemorrhagic areas of the skin and mucous membranes may also be present. The disease is caused by an arenavirus and is spread by a contact with a local species of rodent or with the body fluids of an infected person. |
0 |
| Latchkey Children |
YB-9500.4500 |
Youngsters who have to stay unsupervised in their homes after school or throughout the day because their parent(s) are working and child care is unavailable. |
0 |
| Latchkey Telephone Support |
PH-1800.4400 |
Programs that provide a hotline or warmline that youngsters who are unsupervised in the home can call if they have questions or concerns about their current situation. |
0 |
| Latchkey/Home Alone Safety Programs |
JR-8200.6500-450 |
Programs that are designed to increase public awareness of the measures that people can take to ensure the safety of children who have to stay unsupervised in their homes after school or throughout the day because their parent(s) are working or otherwise engaged and child care is unavailable. Topics may include applicable Child Welfare laws, assessing a child's readiness to assume responsibility for self-care, caring for younger siblings, preparing the home for a child who will be left alone (e.g., deadbolt locks on doors; first aid kits, fire extinguishers and smoke detectors in place; adult beverages and firearms secured), safety precautions (e.g., answering the door or telephone, emergency phone numbers, using appliances such as a gas stove, calling 911), practicing emergency procedures (what to do in case of a fire, earthquake or threatening weather), key security, house rules, watching TV or using the Internet and the importance of good parent-child communication about the issue. |
0 |
| Latter-day Saints Community |
YR-1500.4000 |
Members of the Church of Latter-day Saints, a religious body that traces its origins back to Joseph Smith who in 1830 announced that he had discovered buried golden tablets and translated their hieroglyphics into the Book of Mormon which is considered by his followers as a new revelation from God equal to but not supplanting the Bible. |
0 |
| Latvian Community |
YH-1800.3550 |
Individuals who are either citizens of Latvia or who identify themselves as part of the Latvian community. Latvia is a country in northern Europe. The official language is Latvian. |
0 |
| Laughter Therapy |
RP-8000.4400 |
Programs that use the therapeutic properties of laughter to relieve stress; dissolve negative emotions such as irritation, anger, boredom and depression; and improve the ability of individuals to fight illness. Laughter has been shown to strengthen the functioning of the immune system by boosting Gamma-interferon levels, reduce the levels of stress-promoting hormones, promote muscle relaxation, lower blood pressure, and reduce pain by releasing endorphins, the body's natural pain killer. |
0 |
| Laundry Facilities |
BM-6500.6500-450 |
Public or private facilities for washing, drying and ironing clothes that are available to homeless people, travelers and other individuals who do not have access to private laundry facilities. |
2 |
| Laundry Products |
BM-6500.6500-455 |
Programs that pay for or provide liquid detergent, fabric softeners, bleaches and whiteners, stain removers and other similar laundry products for people who need them. |
0 |
| Laundry Valet Services |
PH-3300.4500 |
Laundry and dry cleaning establishments that pick up laundry and dry cleaning from a person's residence, wash and dry clean the respective sets of clothes and return the clean clothes to the person who requested the service at their home. Some establishments allow people to schedule the service online. |
0 |
| Laundry Vouchers |
BM-6500.6500-458 |
Programs that provide vouchers which enable homeless people and others who meet eligibility criteria to use washers and dryers at participating to laundry facilities. |
0 |
| Law Enforcement Agencies |
FL |
City, county, state or federal government agencies or university departments that are responsible for preserving peace, protecting life and property, preventing and detecting crime and apprehending and arresting suspects. Also included are special purpose public police forces that have full peace officer powers but only within limited jurisdictions, e.g., public parks, public transit facilities, public housing projects, local school district campuses. |
2 |
| Law Enforcement Community Engagement/Outreach |
FN-4000 |
Programs whose primary purpose is to acquaint the public with police procedures and specific crime prevention and other law enforcement programs that are designed to protect the community. |
0 |
| Law Enforcement Complaints |
DD-1500.5200 |
Programs that accept and, where possible, attempt to resolve complaints regarding the quality of service, lack of competence, availability, unethical or improper conduct of peace officers or other law enforcement officials, or other problems with law enforcement agencies. Some programs also welcome and document compliments. |
0 |
| Law Enforcement Issues |
YZ-4160 |
Programs that provide information and/or services that deal with the topic of law enforcement. |
0 |
| Law Enforcement Personnel |
YO-6500.4500 |
Individuals who maintain order, enforce laws and ordinances and protect life and property within their jurisdictions which may be at municipal, county, state or federal levels. Included are uniformed officers with general law enforcement duties who patrol a specific area on foot or in a vehicle, direct traffic, issue traffic summonses, investigate accidents, apprehend and arrest suspects and respond to requests for assistance; plainclothes detectives who gather facts and collect evidence for criminal cases; officers who work for specific institutions (e.g., school districts or universities); and special agents (e.g., FBI agents, border patrol agents) who deal with specific types of crimes (e.g., narcotics, firearms) or have specialized assignments (e.g., protection of prisoners, witnesses or designated government officials). Some police officers specialize in such diverse fields as chemical and microscopic analysis, training and firearms instruction, or handwriting and fingerprint identification. Others work with special units such as horseback, bicycle, motorcycle or harbor patrol, canine corps or special weapons and tactics (SWAT), or emergency response teams. Regardless of job duties or location, police officers and detectives at all levels must write reports and maintain meticulous records that will be needed if they testify in court. |
0 |
| Law Enforcement Records/Files |
DF-7000.4590 |
Programs that maintain and, where appropriate, provide access to records and/or files kept by federal, state or local police agencies, the Department of Motor Vehicles, the courts or other agencies that relate to the investigation of individuals or organizations suspected of criminal activity; the commission and reporting of crimes; the arrest of criminal suspects; the indictment, conviction and sentencing of criminal offenders; and/or the confinement, probation/parole and release of offenders. |
1 |
| Law Enforcement Reform Groups |
TD-1600.1530-450 |
Organizations that advocate for changes in law enforcement practices that will allow police personnel to deal more effectively with crime and criminal offenders while protecting their rights. |
0 |
| Law Enforcement Services |
FN |
Programs offered by law enforcement agencies and other organizations that provide specific measures for discouraging preventable crime, obtaining information from the public about suspected criminal activity, investigating alleged crimes, analyzing physical evidence, providing support for victims and witnesses of crimes and reducing targeted types of crime. |
0 |
| Law Enforcement Volunteer Opportunities |
PX-1850.3850 |
Organizations that are actively seeking individuals with the requisite skills and experience who are willing, on a voluntary basis without remuneration, to provide support for law enforcement and/or judicial authorities. Volunteers in this position must be empowered by law to investigate or conduct an official inquiry into potential violations of the law; make arrests, when warranted; and/or or conduct criminal, civil, or administrative proceedings arising from an alleged violation of the law. Included are police officers, investigators, tribal authorities, community corrections agency personnel, probation officers, campus authorities and others with law enforcement credentials who wish to volunteer their services. |
0 |
| Law Libraries |
TJ-4400.8100-450 |
Special libraries that are used primarily by judges, attorneys and their law clerks; government officials; legislators, law students and teaching staff; historians and other scholars; and sometimes members of the general public to research the law. They may be operated by government, public or private educational institutions, nonprofit societies or private law firms. Law libraries may also have law librarians who help researchers navigate the library's collections. |
0 |
| Law Schools |
HD-6000.6200-400 |
Schools or colleges, often affiliated with universities, that prepare students who have completed their Bachelor's degree to become lawyers. Also included are schools which prepare students to become paralegals or for other work in the legal profession. |
0 |
| Law and Jurisprudence Research |
TR-8000.4700 |
Programs that conduct research which focuses on the statutory, administrative and judicial components of civil and criminal law. |
0 |
| Lawful Permanent Residents |
YE-6500 |
Citizens of other countries who have been admitted to the United States and accorded the privilege of living there permanently. They may be issued immigrant visas overseas or adjusted to lawful permanent residence status once they reach the country. |
0 |
| Lawn Bowling |
PL-7000.4350-400 |
Programs, often offered by local lawn bowling clubs, that provide opportunities for people of all ages to learn, become competitive in and enjoy lawn bowling, a game in which wooden balls are pitched toward a white ball (the jack) which has previously been thrown with the objective of coming as close to the jack as possible. The programs may provide lawn bowling instruction and may sponsor or make arrangements for players to participate in lawn bowling tournaments. |
0 |
| Lawn Care Volunteer Opportunities |
PX-1700.9500-400 |
Organizations that are actively seeking individuals who are willing, on a voluntary basis without remuneration, to mow, edge and weed the lawns at the organization's facility or those at the homes of the people it serves. |
0 |
| Laws/Statutes Copies |
TQ-4400.4500 |
Programs that furnish copies of specific pieces of legislation upon request. |
0 |
| Lawyer Complaints |
DD-1500.5250 |
Programs that accept and, where possible, attempt to resolve complaints regarding the licensing, incompetence, negligence, quality of service, excessive fees, fraud, misrepresentation, unprofessional conduct or other inappropriate business practices of individuals who are licensed to practice the law. |
0 |
| Lawyer Referral Services |
FT-4800 |
Programs that maintain lists of private attorneys and link people who need legal assistance with lawyers who specialize in the required area of law. |
1 |
| Lawyers |
YO-4500.4000 |
Individuals who represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents and manage or advise clients on legal transactions. They may specialize in a single area such as such as bankruptcy, probate, international or elder law; or may practice broadly in many areas of law. Attorneys serve as both advocates and advisors in society. As advocates, they represent one of the parties in criminal and civil trials by presenting evidence and arguing in court to support their client. As advisors, they counsel their clients concerning their legal rights and obligations and suggest particular courses of action in business and personal matters. Whether acting as advocates or advisors, attorneys research the intent of laws and judicial decisions and apply the law to the specific circumstances faced by their client. |
0 |
| Layoff Preparation |
ND-2000.4500 |
Programs that respond to requests from businesses, labor unions and other employee groups that are facing impending layoffs and want to arrange for supportive services for affected workers. Services may include counseling; assistance in filing unemployment insurance forms; and information about public and private sector employment services including resources for vocational assessment, career counseling, retraining opportunities, money management assistance and options for financial aid. |
0 |
| Layoff Survivors |
YL-3500.4500 |
Individuals who have retained their jobs during a period of staff reductions in situations where friends and co-workers have been let go, and who may have feelings of anger, sadness, guilt and a sense of powerlessness as a result. |
0 |
| Layoff/Job Loss Counseling |
ND-2050.4000 |
Programs that provide information and guidance in a variety of settings for individuals who have been fired, laid off or have otherwise been terminated from their jobs and/or for people who keep their jobs during a period of staff reduction when friends and co-workers do not. Counseling is generally provided during the weeks following separation and focuses on helping individuals deal with their anger, sadness, sense of powerlessness, guilt (in the case of survivors) and other feelings about their own job loss or that of another and the positive steps they can take to move on. |
0 |
| LeBoyer Method |
LJ-5000.1700-450 |
Programs that utilize a procedure for childbirth which emphasizes the provision of a gentle and peaceful environment for the birth process that includes low lights, warm baths, music and physical contact between the mother and child immediately following delivery. |
0 |
| Lead Abatement |
JP-6500.1500-450 |
Programs that reduce the hazards associated with the presence of lead in schools, apartment buildings, homes and other structures by removing the contamination in order to reduce or eliminate incidents of lead poisoning. Although there are several exposure sources, lead-based paint is the most widespread and dangerous high-dose source of lead exposure for young children. |
0 |
| Lead Information |
JP-6500.1900-450 |
Programs that provide general information about lead as a pollutant, the areas of a home where it is typically found, associated safety hazards, testing procedures and measures for remediation. |
0 |
| Lead Poisoning |
YF-3000.4520 |
A condition that occurs in acute or chronic forms which is caused by the ingestion of paint, cosmetics or other products which contain lead. Symptoms of acute poisoning include a metallic taste in the mouth, burns in the throat and stomach and later abdominal cramps and prostration. Chronic poisoning is characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, salivation, anemia, the lead line on the gums, abdominal pains, muscle cramps and pains in the joints. |
0 |
| Lead Poisoning Screening |
LF-4900.4500 |
Programs that take blood samples from young children to identify individuals who have ingested paint or other materials containing lead and have absorbed an undue amount of the substance. Results may lead to continued surveillance, testing, referrals for medical evaluation, and/or housing inspection to identify lead hazards and prevent further occurrences of lead poisoning. Included are screenings conducted during home visits and clinic-based screening. |
0 |
| Lead Safe Homes |
LH-6300.3650-400 |
Programs that provide a temporary, lead safe living environment in which families of lead poisoned children can stay following hospitalization while they seek permanent lead safe housing or while their own home is undergoing abatement. The program may provide lead poisoning prevention information, mutual support groups for residents and assistance in locating a new residence. Also included are programs that provide a subsidy for temporary housing if a person's home is uninhabitable due to lead. |
0 |
| Lead Testing |
JP-6500.1800-450 |
Programs that conduct tests which measure the lead content in dishes, toys, water pipes, paint and other household items; and/or supply test kits that can be used in the home for this purpose. |
0 |
| Leadership Development |
PH-6200.4500 |
Programs that provide opportunities for individuals of all ages to develop their leadership and management skills through participation in activities which require planning a workscope, organizing ways to achieve planned objectives, motivating members to complete tasks they have agreed to perform and evaluating the group's progress; or through training which addresses these skills. |
5 |
| Leaf Blower Noise Control |
JD-6500.6000-450 |
Programs that enforce ordinances which protect the public from excessively noisy gasoline-powered leaf blowers. |
0 |
| Leaf Raking Volunteer Opportunities |
PX-1700.9500-450 |
Organizations that are actively seeking individuals who are willing, on a voluntary basis without remuneration, to remove leaves and other plant debris from the grounds of the organization's facility or the yards of the people it serves. |
0 |
| Learning Disabilities |
YF-4500 |
A neurological disorder that affects one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using spoken or written language. The disability may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or to do mathematical calculations. Learning disabilities should not be confused with learning problems which are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor handicaps; of intellectual disabilities; of emotional disturbance; or of environmental, cultural or economic disadvantages. |
0 |
| Learning Laboratories |
HH-3300.4500 |
Programs that provide facilities with programmed or autoinstructional materials and the equipment that is required for their display for use by students who are pursuing a course of independent study. Students progress at their own rate using workbooks, textbooks or computers that provide information in discrete steps, test learning at each step and provide immediate feedback about achievement. |
0 |
| Learning Management System Selection/Support |
TP-3350.8000-400 |
Programs that help nonprofit organizations and other groups select, install and effectively use software that delivers e-learning programs in different formats to handle compliance training, certification, sales and more. |
0 |
| Learning Styles Analysis |
TP-6650.4000 |
Programs that offer workshops or other forms of training or support that help participants identify their own learning style (i.e., their preferred method of receiving and processing information) and improve their ability to learn by using the method(s) that are most comfortable and natural to them. The workshop may also deal with the impact an individual's learning style has on his or her ability to understand and work effectively with others whose styles are different and implications for tailoring training sessions and presentations for audiences whose members may have different learning styles. Three types of learning style are generally distinguished including auditory learners (those who learn best by hearing information), visual learners (those who learn best by reading) and tactile learners (those who learn best by hands-on experience). An additional distinction is sometimes made regarding the way people think: linear thinkers (those who go step-by-step through details) and global thinkers (those who are most comfortable with the big picture). These programs may also address specific theories of learning such as Action Learning and Leaders Circles. |
0 |
| Leather Arts Clubs |
PS-8200.0550-450 |
Programs that provide organized opportunities for individuals to pursue their interest in the leather arts, often through the medium of a club or society which is under the leadership of people who are knowledgeable in the subject. Activities may include lectures by people with leather arts expertise; demonstrations of leather and suede working techniques; and regular meetings at which members share information about current projects, enjoy the company of other leather arts enthusiasts and have time to work on their projects. Some leather arts clubs may also provide facilities for leather working, sponsor exhibits or sales of clothing and other articles created by members, publish a newsletter or provide a library of resources about the craft. Included are Internet-based virtual clubs, WebRings devoted to the subject and clubs where members meet face-to-face. |
0 |
| Leather Arts Instruction |
PL-7400.0500-450 |
Programs that provide classes, individual lessons or other opportunities for people who want to learn or perfect their skills in creating hand tooled leather wallets, purses, belts, key fobs and other leather goods; clothing made from leather or suede; articles of jewelry using leather; leather saddles; or other decorative or useful objects made from leather, suede or other leather products. |
0 |
| Lebanese Community |
YH-5000.4500 |
Individuals who are either citizens of Lebanon or who identify themselves as part of the Lebanese community. Lebanon is a country within the Middle East. The official language is Arabic. |
0 |