Programs that control the occurrence of West Nile Virus by monitoring the incidence of the disease in local bird and mammal populations using mechanisms like dead bird reporting hotlines, and promoting preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of mosquito bites such as the removal of standing water in homes and gardens, encourage people to wear long sleeved clothing and long pants when walking outside in the morning and evening in places where mosquitoes are prevalent, and the application of insect repellent containing DEET.